Birnbaum: When log5 works and when it doesn’t
From SABR member Phil Birnbaum at Sabermetric Research on January 7, 2016:
Team A, with an overall winning percentage talent of .600, plays against a weaker Team B with an overall winning percentage of .450. What’s the probability that team A wins?
In the 1980s, Bill James created the “log5” method to answer that question. The formula is
P = (A – AB)/(A+B-2AB)
… where A is the talent level of team A winning (in this case, .600), and B is the talent level of team B (.450).
Plug in the numbers, and you get that team A has a .647 chance of winning against team B.
That makes sense: A is .600 against average teams. Since opponent B is worse than average, A should be better than .600.
Team B is .050 worse than average, so you’d kind of expect A to “inherit” those 50 points, to bring it to .650. And it does, almost. The final number is .647 instead of .650. The difference is because of diminishing returns — those “.050 lost wins” are what B loses to *average* teams because it’s bad. Because A is better than average, it would have got some of those .050 wins anyway because it’s good, so B can’t “lose them again” no matter how bad it is.
In baseball, the log5 formula has been proven to work very well.
Read the full article here: http://blog.philbirnbaum.com/2016/01/when-log5-does-and-doesnt-work.html
Originally published: January 7, 2016. Last Updated: January 7, 2016.