Andy Piercy

When Andy Piercy reported for duty with the vaunted Chicago White Stockings in early April 1881, “the weather was intensely cold, the ground frozen hard, and the ball-field covered with ice and snow.”1 It signaled an ominous beginning to an abortive major-league baseball career for the 24-year-old rookie. He came to the club as the 11th man on an 11-man roster, looking to fill the role of do-it-all utility player.2 Making an impact with his mighty new team would be a struggle – even without contending with a frosty Chicago, which exceeded even the blustery summer days in his hometown San Francisco.

Three things were known about this stranger from the Pacific Slope. First, he couldn’t hit a lick. Second, he was the younger brother of the critically acclaimed and widely admired leading man, Samuel W. Piercy.3 Third, he was a defensive wizard who could work his magic with equal mastery straddling the infield stations or churning up grass in the outfield. It was even suggested that he might find the opportunity to take his place in the pitcher’s box on a team that already featured not one, but two hurlers. In short, Andy Piercy seemed a useful man to have around a club sufficiently staffed with veterans, because he could capably “fill any position on the diamond”4 if needed.

As it turned out, Piercy was called into service for but two battles waged by the White Stockings. Both times the foe was the Trojans of Troy, New York. These two games marked the zenith of Piercy’s playing career. He played on professionally through 1887 – also making an impact on the game as an impresario – but never appeared again in the major leagues.

This man’s life was rich with historic “firsts,” but one can forgive his contemporary observers for failing to report what we might today see as his most noteworthy accomplishment. Andy Piercy left a legacy as a baseball pioneer who promoted and nurtured the growth of the game in his home state – but he also deserves to be remembered as the first California native to play in the National League.

***

Andrew Josiah Piercy was born in August 1856, most likely in San Francisco.5 His parents were John and Mary Piercy, Irish immigrants who made their way to The City by the Bay via New York. He spent his adolescent years in San Jose, where his father bought about 4,000 acres6 of land in the nearby scenic hills of Silver Creek, an area now studded with country clubs and gated communities.7 The land was leased to mine operators and ranchers over the years, affording the family a steady stream of income.8 The Piercys had five sons, with Andy being the babe of the family. His brothers were: David J. (b. 1847), Samuel W. (b. 1849), John C. Jr. (b. 1851), and Edward M. (b. 1852).

Both Sam and Andy Piercy began making a name for themselves in their respective fields at roughly the same time, though Sam was six years older. On November 11, 1870, Sam made his debut as a stage actor playing the part of Iago in the Shakespearean tragedy Othello at the California Theatre. Four months earlier, the San Francisco press reported that Andy “played excellently on third”9 for the Oakland Wide Awake Base Ball Club, one of the first semiprofessional teams in California, and a contender for the Pacific Base Ball Convention Championship. At 14 years old, playing with men twice his age, Andy had entered the top tier of competitive baseball in the state. His team would go on to win the coveted Silver Bat, the crown jewel of Pacific Coast baseball.10

Unfortunately for Piercy, the nascent baseball scene in the San Francisco Bay Area reached a low ebb in popularity just as he was getting started.11 His activities on the diamond are shrouded in mystery from May 1871 until October 10, 1874, when the 18-year-old was named as a representative for the San Francisco team at the Pacific Base Ball Convention for the 1875 season. Piercy’s San Francisco Club was “considered the strongest”12 of the members of the convention, which consisted of 11 teams.13 The squad demonstrated it on the field by taking the championship that season.14

The year 1875 was an exciting one for Piercy. Not only were his San Franciscos considered “undoubtedly the best on the Coast,” he was gearing up for a truly historic adventure to celebrate the country’s 100th anniversary of independence the following year.15 Piercy was included on a team stocked with the best baseball talent in California to represent the state at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876. He was considered to be the finest third baseman in California.16 He was also described as “one of the fleetest runners in the State, a good catcher, short-stop or fielder, but lamentably weak at the bat.”17

On June 19, 1875, the San Francisco Examiner announced that a baseball match would be held the following day to benefit Piercy’s “start for the East.”18 By March of the following year, the complete roster of the team, by then known as the Centennials, was made official.19 After an undefeated slate of warm-up matches against local competition, the Centennials, who boasted four future major-league players (John Curran, John Cullen, Live Oak Taylor, and Piercy), embarked on their cross-country journey to the East Coast on June 24, 1876.20 Their itinerary included 32 games in 18 cities, all in a span of seven weeks.21 It was the first baseball team to leave the state of California.22

This trip would have surely been one of the most memorable experiences of young Piercy’s life. The unprecedented Centennials were welcomed by clubs all along the Central Pacific Railroad line as the extraordinary travelers they were. The thrill of the adventure was, however, tempered by the heavy strain of a packed schedule and the discomfort of steerage class transportation.23 Despite the trying circumstances of their long road trip, the Centennials accomplished their goal of reaching Philadelphia. They even got to play against the Athletics of the National League to cap off their grueling trek, though they lost the game 17-6.24

The year 1878 marked the inaugural season of the Pacific Base Ball League, the first organized baseball league in the state, and Piercy was named catcher for the Eagle Club.25 Of the four teams on the new circuit, which also included the Athletic, California, and Reno clubs—all of San Francisco26—the Eagles were the most well-established. Indeed, Piercy’s new club had played in the first organized baseball game in the state of California when they took on and defeated the Red Rovers on February 22, 1860, at Centre’s Bridge in San Francisco.27 Details of the Eagles’ 1878 season are scant, but we do know that Piercy formed a battery with 17-year-old pitching phenom Tom Brown, who would go on to have a 17-year career in the major leagues, mostly as an outfielder. By late July, the Eagles were in the running for the championship but faded down the stretch to finish with a disappointing 8-15 record.28

In 1879, the new California League (CALL) was formed to rival the Pacific Base Ball League (PACL). Piercy abandoned his old Eagle Club29 early in the season and spent time shuffling between teams of the two leagues throughout the year and into the 1880 season.30 By all accounts he dazzled on every team he played for, mostly playing catcher, second base, or third base, where he was said to have no equal on the Pacific Coast.31 His supremacy at the third bag is made all the more impressive considering that 20-year-old Jerry Denny, the future “King of the Third Basemen,” played for the Star Club of the PACL that season. Piercy was also noted for his skill behind the dish, where he was an early adopter of the catcher’s mask.32

For most of the 1879 season, the Oakland Pioneers of the CALL were home base for Piercy. He played against33 (and possibly alongside) Tommy Beals, the future White Stockings utility player whom he eventually replaced in 1881. Although the Pioneers did not succeed in taking the inaugural CALL crown, Piercy was pressed into service to play second base for the pennant-winning Californias against the Knickerbockers, champions of the PACL. His adopted team lost to the Knickerbockers, 6-5, in a game that featured dueling pitchers of major-league caliber. The blackballed National Leaguer Edward “The Only” Nolan of the favored Knickerbockers bested the mercurial, soon-to-be blackballed major-leaguer Charlie Sweeney in a “hotly contested” championship match on September 21, 1879.34

The 1880 season would be one of transition for Piercy and Bay Area baseball. The quality of the competition was improving as the local nines were benefiting from an influx of major-league players. Among them, the great Cal McVey joined the Bay City Club, while the 23-year-old future Hall of Fame inductee, Pud Galvin,35 teamed up with yet another blackballed National Leaguer, Jim Devlin, to form a two-man rotation for the Athletic Club. Piercy bounced around between several different teams during the season, including serving as captain for the Union Club alongside moonlighting infielders Ed Williamson and Joe Quest of Chicago White Stockings fame. Tellingly, Williamson was described as having “the reputation of being the best third baseman in America” in the San Francisco Chronicle’s recap of a Union Club match against the Knickerbockers on January 4, 1880, a game in which Piercy played third base and Williamson played catcher.36

In June 1880, Piercy left the Bay City Club to go on a cross-country tour as treasurer for his brother Sam’s crowd-pleasing, though controversial, four-act play entitled Deception.37 Sam’s personal and professional life was on the upswing. He had married Julia Dunphy, daughter of a wealthy cattle rancher,38 the previous summer, and had been earning $125 per week as a leading man ($3,759 in 2024 dollars).39 The tour launched with critical and financial40 success, owing in part to the intrigue surrounding its reputation for indecency.41 The shows were lauded by critics and audiences throughout the West. During a stopover in Chicago, it was noted in the Chicago Tribune that the troupe would be traveling to New York and that it was “the first time a California company [had] ever made a professional trip to the Eastern States.”42 The Piercy brothers were pioneers in reverse.

Before the Piercy company left for New York, Andy found the time to reunite with his old teammates Williamson, Quest, and Beals. On October 1, he appeared in an exhibition game for the National League’s pennant winners, the White Stockings, against the Bisons of Buffalo and Pud Galvin, the recently blackballed California Leaguer. How did Piercy find himself playing with the best team in the country and one of the most dominant teams in major-league baseball history? The details are unclear, but the White Stockings were severely depleted by injuries, and he may have been pressed into service out of necessity. Piercy went 1-for-4 at the plate with a run scored in the 12-10 victory for the Chicagos. Defensively, he played catcher, second base, and pitched to Cap Anson, who filled in at catcher for the injured regular, Silver Flint.43

Something about his performance must have caught Anson’s eye because Piercy then joined the White Stockings on the road for exhibitions in Washington D.C., Baltimore,44 and Brooklyn.45 The latter stop allowed him to notch a base hit off of future Hall of Famer John Montgomery Ward on a chilly day in front of a mere 500 fans. On January 30, it was announced that “the California amateur of such promise” had signed and would be playing an exhibition game with the Chicagos “on the ice at Lincoln Park” the following week. Hugh Nicol was also signed as a substitute player for the season.46 The two rookies were victorious in their first exhibition contest as official members of the club. Piercy played third base while the great Ed Williamson played behind the bat in a 14-1 victory over the amateur Lake View Club.

On March 5, it was reported that Piercy was exercising daily in a Chicago gymnasium with his teammates Williamson, Quest, and Flint to get in shape for the 1881 season.47 Chicago was coming off a dominant season in which their closest competitor placed a distant 15 games back. They boasted four of the top five batters in the league and finished with an astounding 67-17 record. The young, talented squad was essentially unchanged from the previous season, aside from the addition of Piercy and Nicol, and would go on to win two more pennants in 1881 and 1882. The newcomers had joined a team in the midst of the first dynasty of the young National League.

Piercy officially became a big-leaguer on Thursday, May 12, 1881, when the White Stockings squared off against Troy before 1,200 spectators at White-Stocking Park in their ninth game of the season. He was thrust into action owing to an injury to Joe Quest’s knee in the previous day’s game. Unfortunately, he struggled mightily at second base. The White Stockings committed eight errors on the day, with three being attributed to Piercy, accounting for “at least” two unearned runs for the visiting club. He fared better at the plate, going 1-for-4 with a single and a run scored against 24-year-old future Hall of Famer Tim Keefe.48 Blame for the 6-5 loss was shared among multiple players; Piercy was granted a slight reprieve for being “naturally nervous at the responsibility placed upon him.”49 But his poor play may have contributed to the loss.50 To make matters worse, about a week later there was word that Sam’s wife Julia was ill with typhoid fever in Philadelphia.51 She passed away on May 28, leaving behind Sam and their 18-month-old daughter Viola Carrie Carmine Piercy.52

Andy appeared in his next game on July 1, which featured a rematch against the Troys and their up-and-coming twirler Tim Keefe at White-Stocking Park. Joe Quest was suffering from lung soreness resulting from a cold and King Kelly was also out, having injured his hand sliding into second base the previous day. Piercy, this time filling in at third base with Ed Williamson moving over to second, committed two errors in the same inning. The two miscues, along with a passed ball by Silver Flint, resulted in an unearned run for the visitors. The errors had no bearing on the outcome of the game, as the home team notched a 4-2 win in front of 1,800 cranks. Piercy again tallied a single in four chances in his second (and last) game at the highest echelon of the sport.53

Sadly, the abrupt end to Piercy’s major league career was overshadowed by another family tragedy. At the end of 1881, a year that began with so much promise for the Piercy brothers, Sam fell ill with smallpox. He eventually succumbed on January 9, 1882, in Boston.54 Sam’s death occurred as he was “just attaining the highest honors of his profession.”55 He had recently begun performing alongside the legendary Edwin Booth when he was felled by the dreaded disease,56 having recovered from the grief of losing his young wife just months earlier. While the theater-going world mourned the death of one of the great stage actors of the day, Andy moved back home to Northern California, where his involvement in the national game would continue for years to come.

In 1882, Piercy played catcher for the Californias of the California League.57 He would continue to suit up for various clubs during the 1880s. But his ambition drove him toward more lucrative endeavors. He had a hand in several entrepreneurial ventures throughout the remainder of the decade, mostly working as a baseball promoter and grounds manager. On May 22, it was announced that Piercy had leased and remodeled58 the Recreation Grounds in San Francisco at the intersection of 25th and Folsom, which had long been the home of top-tier baseball in the city.59 Contemporary accounts praised his management of the park and he succeeded in attracting large crowds60 until the fall of 1883, when it was closed down.61 Next he ventured to attract crowds in Sacramento as the proprietor of Recreation Park, but could not match the profits of his San Francisco business and abandoned the enterprise to return to the Bay Area in 1885.

These forays into the capitalistic aspects of the game proved to be mere warmup tosses for the budding baseball impresario. In late 1886, it was reported that Piercy had leased the Alameda grounds,62 which the California League had recently vacated in favor of the newly built field located at the terminus of Haight Street in San Francisco.63 64 In response to an inquiry about his plans for the grounds, Piercy replied: “I guess I will sow wheat or plant potatoes.” But in reality, his vision for the field was more audacious. He planned to tap into his network of Eastern baseball talent and spare no expense65 to “grow” a new professional league to rival the California League. The brash maneuver sparked a brief, but heated, struggle for control over the business of baseball on the Pacific Coast, which one commentator later described as “the great baseball war.”66

The new league consisted of four teams: the San Franciscos, the Damianas (San Francisco), the Oaklands, and the A&G’s (Stockton).67 News of Piercy’s league, known alternately as the Pacific Coast Baseball League68 and the State League69 sparked a “bitter rivalry” among California baseball managers as they jockeyed for the best available talent.70 On this front, Piercy’s recruiting work drew high praise.71 He pulled all the levers within his grasp to sign players that would be crowd-pleasers. It was even reported that he negotiated with White Stockings President Al Spalding’s agent to acquire two new batteries for his clubs.72

The new league got off to an auspicious start on April 17, 1887, with the first game of the season being described as “the best game of baseball ever witnessed in Stockton.”73 Indeed it was something special. Eddie Lorrigan of the Stockton A&G’s and William Burke of the San Francisco Damianas faced off in an epic pitchers’ duel, with the A&G’s coming out victorious, 1-0, on a decisive steal of home in the 11th inning. Lorrigan threw a no-hitter and piled up 21 strikeouts, while Burke recorded 10 Ks.74

By many accounts Piercy’s league was well worth watching, but as the season progressed the crowds at the Alameda grounds began to thin.75 By mid-May, Piercy “was getting tired of small audiences at Alameda,” and rumors of the league moving its games to San Francisco were being reported.76 To make matters worse, his players began jumping77 their contracts even though Piercy was willing to litigate to stop them.78 The injunction he filed to prevent catcher Billy McLaughlin from jumping to the Altas of Sacramento was described as “the first time in the history of baseball in California [that] a baseball player’s contract [was] to be tested in the courts.”79 By mid-June, despite Piercy’s efforts, the league had collapsed and all its players were released from their contracts.80 He lost the war, though he fought the California League “like a tiger.”81

Little is known about Piercy after the league he worked so hard to put together suddenly “went to pieces.”82 We do know that he went on to live a long and prosperous life, having inherited a fortune83 after his mother passed away.84 He continued to live mostly in San Francisco, where he was involved with local politics85 and horse racing.86 In 1888 he took steps to create yet another circuit to rival the California League, but it never came to fruition.87 In the mid-1890s he lived in Oakland, where he attempted to purchase the Oakland Club of the California League, but could not negotiate a price to his satisfaction.

On August 29, 1893, at the age of 37, Piercy married May O’Donnell. The couple had two sons named Andrew and Samuel.

Family life seemed to have a settling effect on Piercy. He eventually moved to his fruit farm in San Jose, where he retired.88 On April 6, 1918, at the age of 61, he took leave of his ranch to travel to the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco for a reunion with The Grand Old Man of the Game, Cap Anson.89 The two got along swimmingly despite not having seen each other since they donned the White Stockings uniform together, a gap of about 36 years.90

“Hello, Cap, old boy, you don’t look a day older.”
“And you, Andy, seem to be as spry as a two-year-old.”

Their mutual admiration was evident, as reported in the San Francisco Examiner:

While the two old-timers were fanning, Piercy looked at Cap and said:
“That old boy could certainly hit the ball. No other batsman will ever come along to equal him.”
And Anson in reply was just as complementary to Piercy:
“As a baserunner the famous King Kelly had nothing at all on Andy Piercy.”91

Andy Piercy passed away in San Jose on December 27, 1932, aged 76. He was laid to rest in Woodlawn Memorial Park in Colma, California.92 He was said to be the oldest ballplayer in the state at the time of his death.93 His obituaries commonly memorialized his historic trip with the San Francisco Centennials to represent California at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition.94

Acknowledgments

This story was reviewed by Bill Lamb and Rory Costello and fact-checked by Tony Oliver.

Sources

In addition to the sources shown in the notes, the author used Baseball-Reference.com.

Notes

1 “Base-Ball,” Chicago Tribune, Sunday, April 3, 1881: 17.

2 “Telegraphic Flashes,” San Francisco Examiner, Friday, January 28, 1881: 3.

3 “Base-Ball,” Chicago Tribune, Sunday, January 30, 1881: 10.

4 “Base-Ball,” San Francisco Examiner, Tuesday, June 8, 1880: 3.

5 Most researchers place his birth in San Jose, but documentation for this is lacking. The Piercy family arrived in San Francisco in December of 1849 and moved to San Jose in 1860. Andy Piercy would have been about five years old during the time of the move. “Samuel W. Piercy,” New York Clipper, January 14, 1882: 711.

6  “The Chabolla Claim,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 3, 1861: 3.

7 U.S., Indexed County Land Ownership Maps, 1860-1918.

8 Young Ranch Residential Project State Clearinghouse #2016092022.

9 “Silver Stars vs. Wide Awakes,” Daily Alta California (San Francisco, California), June 28, 1870: 3.

10  “The Decisive Game,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 21, 1871: 3.

11 Angus Macfarlane, “Baseball Goes East: The San Francisco Centennials  Magical Mystery Tour,” Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game 7, (2014): 185.

12 “The National Game,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 22, 1875: 3.

13 “Base-Ball Convention,” San Francisco Examiner, October 10, 1874: 3.

14 Macfarlane, 186.

15 “The Diamond Field,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 10, 1875: 5.

16 Macfarlane, 190.

17 Macfarlane, 190.

18 “Local Brevities”, San Francisco Examiner, June 19, 1875: 3.

19 “The Centennial Base Ball Club,” Daily Alta California, March 9, 1876: 1.

20 Macfarlane, 191.

21 Macfarlane, 192.

22 Macfarlane, 193.

23 Macfarlane, 193.

24 Macfarlane, 213.

25 “Base-Balliana,” San Francisco Examiner, April 11, 1878: 3.

26 John E. Spalding, Always on Sunday: The California Baseball League, 1886 to 1915 (Manhattan, Kansas: Ag Press, 1992), 11.

27 Spalding, 9.

28 “The Athletics,” San Francisco Examiner, November 11, 1878: 3.

29 “Base-Ball,” Daily Alta California, March 17, 1879: 3.

30 Spalding, 11.

31 “Base-Ball Match,” San Francisco Examiner, September 18, 1879: 3.

32 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, April 26, 1879: 4.

33 “The National Game,” Daily Alta California, June 2, 1879: 1.

34 “Baseball,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 22, 1879: 3.

35 Galvin would later be blackballed from the CALL after jumping his contract with the Athletic Club.

36 “The Last Fly,” San Francisco Chronicle, January 5, 1880: 3.

37 “Green Room Gossip,” Sacramento Bee, July 28, 1880: 1.

38 “Obituary,” Chicago Tribune, May 30, 1881: 2.

39 “Green Room Gossip,” Sacramento Bee, March 30, 1880: 1.

40 “The Drama,” Sacramento Union, September 4, 1880: 2.

41 “Local Intelligence,” Sacramento Union, July 28, 1880: 1.

42 “The City,” Chicago Tribune, October 2, 1880: 16.

43 “Playing Out,” Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), October 2, 1880: 3.

44 “National vs. Chicago,” New York Clipper, October 23, 1880: 2.

45 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, October 30, 1880: 4.

46 “Base-Ball,” Inter Ocean, April 18, 1881: 3.

47 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, March 5, 1881: 4.

48 “Sporting Events,” Chicago Tribune, May 13, 1881: 7.

49 “Sporting Events,” Chicago Tribune, May 13, 1881: 7.

50 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, May 21, 1881: 5.

51 “Stage and Song,” Inter Ocean, May 21, 1881: 16.

52 “Obituary: Mrs. Sam W. Piercy,” Chicago Tribune, May 30, 1881: 2.

53 “Base Ball,” Inter Ocean, July 1, 1881: 6.

54 “Mr. Piercy Dead,” Inter Ocean, January 10, 1882: 4.

55 “Samuel W. Piercy,” San Francisco Call, May 28, 1893: 9.

56 “Local Lines,” Fall River Daily Herald (Fall River, Massachusetts), January 2, 1882: 4.

57 “Baseball,” San Francisco Examiner, March 27, 1882: 2.

58 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, June 17, 1882: 4.

59 “Sports,” San Francisco Examiner, May 22, 1882: 1.

60 “Burnt-Cork Ball-Tossers,” San Francisco Examiner, July 13, 1882: 1.

61 “Some Answers to Queries by Call Readers,” San Francisco Call, July 30, 1903: 6.

62 “Brief Notes,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, December 23, 1886: 3.

63 “Baseball,” Alameda Daily Argus, April 27, 1887: 3.

64 “Diamond Dust,” Oakland Tribune, March 17, 1887: 3.

65 “Alameda Weekly Argus,” Alameda Daily Argus, January 22, 1887: 3.

66 “He’s Out,” Oakland Tribune, May 19, 1893: 1.

67 “Baseball Notes,” Alameda Daily Argus, April 2, 1887: 3.

68  “Diamond Drops,” Oakland Tribune, April 4, 1887: 3.

69 “Sporting Column,” Daily Alta California, March 7, 1887: 8.

70 “Baseball,” San Francisco Examiner, February 28, 1887: 5.

71 “Piercy’s Catch,” San Francisco Examiner, April 6, 1887: 3.

72 “Sports,” San Francisco Examiner, March 21, 1887: 3.

73 “Runs, Outs and Errors,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, April 18, 1887: 3.

74 “Baseball,” Alameda Daily Argus, April 27, 1887: 3.

75 “Baseball,” Alameda Daily Argus, April 27, 1887: 3.

76 “A Day of Sports,” Oakland Tribune, May 14, 1887: 11.

77 “Diamond Dust,” San Francisco Examiner, May 2, 1887: 3.

78 “Local Intelligence,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, April 20, 1887: 3.

79 “Diamond Dust,” Oakland Tribune, April 16, 1887: 1.

80 “Sports in the Wind,” Oakland Tribune, June 13, 1887: 3.

81 “He’s Out,” Oakland Tribune, May 19, 1893: 1.

82 “Ball and Bat,” Sacramento Daily Record-Union, July 25, 1887: 3.

83 “Brothers Quarrel,” Oakland Enquirer, July 30, 1902: 1.

84 “Edward Piercy Loses,” San Francisco Chronicle, April 5, 1905: 5.

85 “South-of-Market Republicans,” San Francisco Chronicle, October 19, 1898: 5.

86 “Old Stagers Out,” San Francisco Call and Post, September 24, 1894: 20.

87 “Field and Floor,” Oakland Tribune, December 19, 1888: 6.

88 1930 United States Federal Census.

89 “Andy Piercy Meets Cap. Anson,” San Francisco Examiner, April 8, 1918: 10.

90 “Andy Piercy Meets Cap. Anson.”

91 “Andy Piercy Meets Cap. Anson.”  

92 www.findagrave.com.

93 “Oldest Ballplayer Laid in Last Resting Place,” Hanford Sentinel, December 30, 1932: 4.

94 “Oldest Living Ball Player Stricken,” Pomona Progress Bulletin, December 30, 1932: 10.