Garry Maddox

After a difficult childhood, a traumatic year in Vietnam, and replacing a legend in San Francisco, Garry Maddox came to Philadelphia in 1975. The “Secretary of Defense” proceeded to win eight consecutive Gold Gloves in center field. As a Phillie, he experienced great depths (an inexplicable error that ended Philadelphia’s 1978 pennant aspirations) and scaled great heights (a NLCS-clinching RBI to propel the franchise towards their first world championship in 1980). As a Philadelphian, Maddox became a leading citizen, tirelessly working on behalf of local charities and becoming a highly successful businessman.

Garry Lee Maddox was born in Cincinnati on September 1, 1949. His father, Arthur, pitched for the Negro Leagues’ Cincinnati Tigers.1 Arthur and his wife, Edna, had nine children. The Maddox family soon moved to Southern California, and Garry grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of San Pedro. “We were very poor … I remember doing without things other kids take for granted … getting one toy for all nine kids to play with at Christmas,” he later recalled.2 A decade later, he added, “I ran with a rough crowd, kids who got into almost every kind of trouble you could get into but somehow, I stayed out of trouble.”3

When he was 10, Maddox demonstrated an entrepreneur’s resiliency, selling newspapers at local bars and to churchgoers on Sundays.4 At San Pedro High School, Maddox played baseball, basketball, and football. Bird-dog scout Jack French spotted Maddox on the diamond and brought him to the attention of Giants super-scout George Genovese. “I saw tremendous speed,” Genovese recalled. “He would run down absolutely everything hit anywhere near him in the outfield.”5 Genovese and French personally worked with Maddox during the summer of 1967. San Francisco then selected the lanky 6-foot-3, 175-pounder in the second round of the January 1968 draft.6

Maddox began the 1968 season playing rookie ball in Salt Lake City, where he patrolled center field and hit .252 in 58 games. He then played five late-summer games with the Class A Fresno Giants. Yet at the beginning of the season, Maddox discovered his $1,500 signing bonus was drastically below what a second-rounder could expect. “I played that one season and then I quit and I joined the Army,” he explained. “I was bitter. I didn’t like the hassle. My family needed the money.”7

By April 1969, the 19-year-old was in Vietnam. “I can remember when we first got off the plane,” he recalled. “They put us in tents — it had to be at least 110 degrees — and we’re sitting there, hot, with flies all around, and we’re saying ‘Three hundred and sixty-four more days of this…’”8 Maddox served as a perimeter guard, occasionally being shot at, but avoided the worst of the conflict. Yet he witnessed the aftermath of a friend’s suicide, racial conflict within his camp, and considered the experience “pure hell.”9

“The scene over there was going to change you one way or another,” he reflected. One evening he joined some colleagues on their way to Mass. “I told the priest I wanted to talk about my sins. He asked me if I was Catholic. When I said ‘no’ he asked me if I’d like to become one. I said ‘yes,’” Maddox recalled. Six months later, he was baptized.10 Maddox later attended a nondenominational church, but his faith would remain a constant source of guidance.11

Maddox had enlisted for four years, but, while he was in Vietnam, his father suffered multiple heart attacks. He applied for a hardship discharge to help take care of his family. As he later recalled, “In order to get out on a hardship discharge, you have to have a job. And the only thing I had done was, right after high school, played a little bit of baseball.”12 Maddox reached out to the Giants, who agreed to take him back. Later, he found community with other veterans, but when he returned home in April 1970, “what happened in Vietnam was completely blacked out of my mind.”13 One immediate after-effect: a facial rash that made shaving difficult and painful. Maddox’s trademark beard was born. He later wondered if Agent Orange was responsible for the rash and bumps that developed under his skin.14

By fall 1970, Maddox was playing baseball in the Arizona Instructional League. In 1971, he returned to Fresno, hitting 30 homers, scoring 105 runs, and driving in 106 in 120 games. He hit over .400 during San Francisco’s 1972 spring training, yet was sent to Class AAA Phoenix so he could play every day. Maddox compiled a .438/.471/1.146 slash line in 11 games. “This is an exceptional prospect,” Phoenix GM Rosy Ryan exclaimed. “There isn’t a thing he can’t do. In centerfield he catches everything. He swings smooth and he’s got wrists like Henry Aaron.”15

San Francisco won the NL West in 1971. Cleanup hitter Willie McCovey, however, broke his arm four games into the 1972 season and left fielder Ken Henderson and center fielder Willie Mays started poorly. As a result, the Giants called up Maddox on April 24.

With his promotion to the majors, Maddox, who idolized Mays as a boy, realized the Giants’ brass saw him as the Say Hey Kid’s heir apparent. On May 11, owner Horace Stoneham traded the fading 41-year-old legend to the Mets. The center field job belonged to Maddox.

Maddox observed, “I’ve always tried to play centerfield good and deep. But they want me to play in now. That way I can run back for balls that go far.”16 At the plate, Maddox employed a wide stance to avoid over-striding. Hitting instructor Hank Sauer and right fielder Bobby Bonds assisted him in the batting cage.17 Manager Charlie Fox, aware that “you can over-teach a young kid,” sought the right moments for feedback and otherwise encouraged Maddox along his learning curve.18

The Giants fell to a 69-86 record in 1972. Maddox finished his rookie season with a .266/.293/.432 slash line in 125 games and was named to the All-Rookie Team. In November, he married Sondra Davis of Los Angeles. Sons Garry and Derrick soon arrived. The couple later adopted two girls, Ashley and Lauren.

A quarter of the way into the 1973 campaign, Fox moved Maddox from sixth to third in the order, directly in front of the healed McCovey. Fox advised Maddox to focus more on base hits than home runs. “So I began choking up on my bat and compacted my swing,” Maddox explained. “I also went to a lighter bat.”19 He finished his sophomore year with fewer homers (11 versus 12) and strikeouts (73 versus 97) than his rookie season and compiled a .319/.350/.460 batting line in 144 games. The young Giants stayed in the NL West race until a September swoon, finishing with a 88-74 record.

After earning $25,000 in 1973, Maddox briefly held out before the 1974 season. He then signed for $46,000.20 By June 1, the Giants were already 11 games out of first, yet Maddox had a 16-game hitting streak with a slash line of .326/.349/.473. But leg and back pain plagued him for the duration of the season.21 He finished with .284/.322/.398 marks and a league-leading range factor per game of 2.65 in center. San Francisco declined to 72-90.

Maddox healed that offseason, thanks in part to karate lessons. As spring training approached, the Giants sought to cut his salary 20 percent while Maddox sought a salary increase. He recalled, “That’s when I got an agent.”22 Maddox got his raise. But management also signed Von Joshua. Skipper Wes Westrum soon platooned the left-handed newcomer and the right-handed Maddox in center field. Claiming he hit right-handed pitching as well as he hit southpaws (indeed, he hit .292 versus righties and .290 versus lefties over his first three seasons), Maddox grew unhappy and asked to be traded.23 San Francisco, in need of a first baseman, obliged, dealing him to Philadelphia on May 4, 1975 for Willie Montañez.

Told of the trade, Phillies shortstop Larry Bowa asked, “Who else are we getting?”24 The popular Montanez was leading the team with 16 RBIs at the time of the deal, while Maddox was hitting only .135. But Philadelphia had struggled to find a center fielder since trading Del Unser after the 1974 season. Moreover, the team had been quietly recruiting first baseman Dick Allen — who belonged to, but wouldn’t play for — Atlanta. The day after the Maddox/Montañez swap, Phillies GM Paul Owens obtained Allen.

After several weeks with the Phillies, Maddox cracked his left kneecap. Returning at the end of June, he came on strong, eventually posting .291/.359/.433 marks in 99 games with Philadelphia. In center field, his range factor per game climbed to 3.06, topped only by Oakland’s Bill North (3.18). That offseason he was awarded his first Gold Glove.

Playing center in San Francisco’s Candlestick Park, Maddox recalled, meant battling “the glare, the empty seats, the sun and the wind.”25 Although he later claimed the artificial turf at Philadelphia’s Veterans Stadium contributed to his career ending early, its relative tranquility allowed Maddox to move in even closer.26 “Most of the balls hit over my head in this park are either against the wall or over it,” he claimed.27 Moreover, although he didn’t possess a particularly strong throwing arm, “by playing in close and charging the ball I can prevent a runner from taking the extra base.”28

To better position himself, Maddox reviewed hitters’ spray charts and discussed pitching plans with catcher Bob Boone. Once in action, “I like to go after every ball even if I can’t make the play. If I think I can, I’ll call for it, but the other outfielder can call me off if he wants to.”29 Manager Danny Ozark encouraged such aggressiveness. Left fielder Greg Luzinski provided the Phillies with a powerful bat, but his defense left much to be desired. Soon, one of baseball’s most memorable quotes was born: “Two-thirds of the earth is covered by water, the other one-third by Garry Maddox.”30

While he refined his center field play, Maddox remained an unrepentant free swinger. “I wonder if he’s ever really going to hit,” former Phillie turned broadcaster Richie Ashburn said after observing Maddox during spring training in 1976. “He says he can’t pick up the spin on the ball and I never heard of a really good hitter who couldn’t do that. It’s awfully hard to hit the breaking ball if you can’t recognize that it IS a breaking ball.” Maddox admitted, “I don’t pick up the spin on anything. I never tell myself ‘This is a curve ball, this is a slider.’”31 He carefully reviewed pitchers’ tendencies and worked with hitting coaches. But, at the plate, he kept it simple, “I see the ball and I swing, that’s it.”32

Mostly batting sixth or seventh, Maddox enjoyed one of his finest seasons in 1976 with a .330/.377/.456 batting line and a career-high 130 OPS+ in 146 games. Predominantly a pull hitter, his speed allowed him to stretch enough liners to left field into 37 doubles.33 He also stole 29 bases, right around his usual total. Defensively, his 3.14 range factor per game led major-league center fielders.

The Phillies comfortably led the NL East until a late-summer slide let Pittsburgh back in the race. But as other Philadelphia bats went silent, Maddox stayed productive. Scheduled for free agency that November, Philadelphia signed him to a five-year deal in September. His first year’s salary was $125,000 and was set to increase by $25,000 increments each year thereafter.34

The Phillies rebounded and reached the postseason for the first time in 26 years. Maddox, however, twice injured his left wrist as the regular season wound down.35 Against Cincinnati’s Big Red Machine, he went 3-for-13 at the plate and made a couple of defensive miscues.36 The Reds swept Philadelphia in three games.

Ahead of the 1977 season, Maddox reiterated his approach at the plate, “I don’t want to go up there taking or waiting. I like to just go up there and swing.” But after second baseman Dave Cash signed with Montreal that offseason, manager Ozark assigned Maddox to the leadoff role. Maddox was not pleased, saying “So I’m doing it, but I don’t like it.”37

On June 26, Ozark placed the recently acquired Bake McBride in the leadoff spot and moved Maddox back to the six-hole. The Phillies, who started that day in fourth place, went 65-30 over the remainder of the season to take the NL East. Maddox again entered the postseason banged up, having fouled a pitch off his left knee in the regular season finale on October 2. He missed the first two games versus the Dodgers, split by the teams. He then returned for the final two games, two more Philadelphia losses. Maddox went 3-for-7 in limited action.

Maddox was learning to call an organization and a city home. “Now, for the first time in my career, I’m having a lot of fun,” he admitted in August 1977.38 That summer, he visited the Child Guidance Clinic, which served the mental health and family therapy needs of Philadelphia’s children. “I saw this as just a good way to get involved in the community that has treated me so well,” he said. “But once I visited a few times and saw first-hand the job the clinic does, it became an interest instead of a supposed duty. I just don’t represent the clinic, I support it and care about it.”39 A quiet, introspective man, outreach efforts did not come naturally for Maddox. But that offseason he recruited his teammates Larry Bowa and Mike Schmidt to assist with fundraising. In the decade ahead, his annual celebrity bowling tournament raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Clinic, and he eventually sat on its board of directors.

Although Maddox played in a career-high 155 games in 1978, he again battled nagging injuries. In late August, a series of miscommunications landed him in Ozark’s doghouse for a couple of games.40 After the two met and straightened out matters, Maddox turned in a strong September. Philadelphia outlasted Pittsburgh to take their third straight division crown.

Philadelphia again faced Los Angeles in the NLCS and lost the first two games at home. Behind Steve Carlton, the Phillies romped in Game Three. The next day, with a chance to send the series back to Philadelphia, the Phillies battled the Dodgers into extra innings. In the bottom of the tenth, with two outs and the bases empty, Tug McGraw walked Ron Cey. Dusty Baker then lined McGraw’s first offering to center. Maddox came in and lowered his glove at his waist for a basket catch. The ball struck his leather and then bounded out onto the grass. The next batter, Bill Russell, lined a single towards Maddox, who with little chance to throw out Cey at the plate, tried to scoop the ball barehanded. Instead, the ball skidded past him and Cey scored.

“I didn’t think it was a tough play at all,” Maddox said after the game. “It was very routine. It was a line drive right at me that should have been caught. I missed it.” Searching for perspective, he added, “I’ve had other crises in my life. This is just another one.”41

Philadelphia signed Pete Rose that offseason. But despite having the perennial sparkplug leading off their lineup, a midseason stretch of 13-24 doomed their chances. On August 30, the brass dismissed Ozark and replaced him with Dallas Green. That offseason, owner Ruly Carpenter and GM Paul Owens talked Green into returning for the 1980 campaign.

Ozark had been a players’ manager who respected Maddox’s quiet professionalism and tolerated his occasional moodiness. Green was a red ass, hired to challenge an underachieving team, and promoting a “We, Not I” culture. “I don’t need to be motivated,” Maddox seethed as the new skipper barked during 1980’s spring training.42

After Carpenter revised his deal before the 1978 season, Maddox was scheduled to earn over $400,000 in 1980. But with free agency looming at year’s end, Maddox and his agent sought a new four-year contract, reportedly for $3.6 million.43 That was too rich for the Phillies and various rumors that spring had Maddox being traded straight up for Ken Griffey, Bruce Sutter, or Don Sutton.44 Eventually the sides compromised at six years and $675,000 per season. As Maddox came down in price, he asked for — and received — a no-trade clause for the contract’s first four years.45

Maddox contributed three strong campaigns in 1977, 1978, and 1979 with OPS+ values around 100 and bWAR values of 3.7, 5.1, and 5. In 1980, his OPS+ fell to 80 and his bWAR to 1.9. The final five weeks proved especially challenging for Maddox, when defensive miscues, a batting slump, and miscommunications with Green earned him time on the bench.

After Philadelphia fended off Montreal to reclaim the NL East crown and faced off against Houston in the NLCS, Maddox was again the starting center fielder. The teams split the first four games of the memorable series, before meeting for the deciding Game Five in Houston on October 12. With the game tied at 7 in the top of the 10th inning, Del Unser doubled to right field and moved to third on a flyout. Maddox then came to bat with Unser standing on third with two outs.

Maddox lined a Frank LaCorte fastball into center, scoring Unser, and wound up on second base. Larry Bowa then lined out to end the frame. Dick Ruthven shut down Houston in the bottom of the tenth, with the final two outs landing in Maddox’s glove. After running to the infield, the Phillies carried him off the field on their shoulders. A week later, the Phillies completed a six-game World Series victory over the Kansas City Royals.

Before a strike shut down major-league baseball in 1981, Maddox seemed to have put his 1980 difficulties behind him. Despite a wonky knee, he put together a .292/.325/.378 line in 51 games. In the Phillies’ final match before the hiatus, the Veterans Stadium faithful gave Maddox a standing ovation after his three-run home run beat the Astros.46 The victory gave Philadelphia a 34-21 record, best in the NL East. When baseball returned, a healthier Maddox was poised to pick up where he left off.

Yet after Maddox went into a 2-for-24 slump in mid-September (immediately after going 8-for-14 over four games), Green benched him for Lonnie Smith. Maddox compiled only a .225/.253/.283 slash line in 43 second-half games and made just two late-inning appearances in Philadelphia’s five-game NLDS loss to Montreal. Before the series ended, Green signed with the Cubs as their new GM.

The Phillies were aging, and management was anxious to find roles for several promising young outfielders: Smith, George Vukovich, and Bob Dernier. The Cardinals were willing to deal for Maddox. But he, reportedly, didn’t want to go to St. Louis, so Smith went instead.47 Other reports had Maddox willing to go to the Yankees or the Astros, but deals couldn’t be worked out.48 Consequently, as the 1982 season began, new manager Pat Corrales proclaimed the center field job was Maddox’s to lose.

After Maddox hit just .184 heading into May, Dernier was given a chance. The rookie electrified Philadelphia that spring but faded in the summer. Then Maddox re-emerged as a force. In August, batting sixth, he drove in 23 runs. In mid-September, when Corrales told Maddox he needed a leadoff hitter, Maddox filled the role. Philadelphia, at 89-73, fell three games short of St. Louis for the NL East crown. Maddox produced a .284/.303/.417 slash line and won his final Gold Glove.

During spring training in 1983, Corrales again promised that Maddox would be the Phillies’ Opening Day center fielder.49 Maddox, however, separated a shoulder before the season and then battled back problems. Corrales also increasingly platooned his outfielders, limiting Maddox’s opportunities against right-handers. Philadelphia drifted to a 43-42 mark before Corrales was fired and GM Owens took the managerial reins. While the platooning continued, the awakened “Wheeze Kids” reclaimed the NL East crown. Maddox contributed a .275/.312/.367 line in 97 games. “It was a season where everyone had to make some sacrifices,” he commented.50

After Philadelphia defeated Los Angeles in the NLCS, they faced Baltimore in the World Series. Tied with the Orioles, 1-1, in Game One, Maddox lined a first-pitch Scott McGregor fastball over the left field fence to start the eighth inning. The lead held. But Baltimore then reeled off four straight victories. Maddox was 6-for-23 that postseason, mostly against left-handers.

“We feel a trade would be in the best interests of Garry Maddox and the Phillies,” club president (and new GM) Bill Giles stated that December.51 Maddox valued his relationship with his adopted city and, as a 10-and-5 player, considered only destinations where he could play regularly. Giles had, for over a year, publicly questioned Maddox’s value. Leaked trade discussions filled the press. On March 26, 1984, Philadelphia sent Dernier and right fielder Gary Matthews to the Cubs. Maddox remained, but trade talk persisted.

“My future here is one of, at best, an insurance policy,” Maddox said.52 Yet, as a local sportswriter noted midseason, “He has quietly gone about his job with dignity and class after being shopped all over baseball for months.”53 Platooning with Von Hayes in center, Maddox complied a .282/.316/.390 line in 77 games before back problems ended his season in August. The Phillies finished at .500.

In 1985, Philadelphia tumbled to 75-87. Although new skipper John Felske stated, “We just seem to be a better club with Garry in there,” rebuilding necessitated that youth be served.54 Maddox started only 44 games, and his 71 OPS+ was a career low.

Maddox had been thinking of a post-baseball life. In 1984, he enrolled at Temple University, studying history and business.55 He followed his investments closely and the business ventures of teammates like Joe Morgan.56 In 1985, he formed his first company and partnered with others to bid for a Veterans Stadium food contract.57 Their bid lost, but he developed a relationship with another losing bidder (ARA, today’s Aramark) and soon participated in their executive training program.58

After signing a one-year contract, Maddox returned to the Phillies in 1986. That spring, Philadelphia fans warmly applauded whenever he came out of the dugout.59 But in his first start of the season, on April 20 in New York, Maddox couldn’t reach three balls.60 On May 7, Maddox retired, citing his bad back.

In 1987, Maddox began working with Phillies outfielders in spring training. His sons, Garry and Derrick, both played in the Philadelphia farm system. He also began a decade-long stint as an analyst for cable broadcasts of Phillies games.

Maddox’s initial business venture became, by 1987, World Wide Concessions Inc. A decade later he purchased A. Pomerantz & Co., a Philadelphia-based company specializing in office furniture. In his initial year at the helm, the company did $20 million in sales. Maddox’s cultivation of previous relationships helped land lucrative business with both the Phillies (as they moved into Citizens Bank Park in 2004) and Philly-based Comcast. By 2008, Pomerantz’s annual revenue was $45 million.61 Maddox served on the board of directors of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.62

Over the years, Maddox became good friends with Dallas Green, and he invited his ex-skipper to address his staff as a motivational speaker. “Starting my own business gave me a different perspective on the management side,” noted Maddox. “I really do see what he was trying to accomplish. I was a disgruntled employee at the time.”63

Soon after his retirement, Maddox won the 1986 Roberto Clemente Award. Upon receiving the honor, with characteristic humility, he said, “The only thing I question is whether or not I’ve adequately paid back the community for all they’ve done for me.”64 This desire to help the community has continued to guide his post-baseball life. In the late 1990s, he began the Urban Youth Golf Association, a nonprofit dedicated to linking academics to sport for inner-city children.65 To assist the initiative, he rebooted his bowling tournament and partnered with local restaurateurs to launch a popular BBQ contest. Maddox’s latest philanthropic effort is Compete 360, which seeks to foster “design thinking (DT) practice in city schools by training teachers and by facilitating student-led projects that explore a problem in the classroom, school, or community.”66

Last revised: May 28, 2020

Acknowledgments

This biography was reviewed by Rory Costello and Chris Bouton and fact-checked by Kevin Larkin.

Sources

In addition to the sources noted in this biography, the author also accessed Maddox’s file from the National Baseball Hall of Fame, and the following sites:

genealogybank.com

newspapers.com

Notes

1 “Maddox to Hurl,” Cincinnati Enquirer, May 20, 1936; Dan White, “How They Play the Game,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 12, 1981.

2 Bob Hayes, “A Giant’s Fight Against Baseball’s Pain and Pressure,” San Francisco Examiner, September 18, 1974.

3 Rich Ashburn, “Maddox Still Bitter About Vietnam,” Philadelphia Daily News, February 29, 1984.

4 Jill Lieber, “And One Who Prospered,” Sports Illustrated, October 19, 1987.

5 Rich Tosches, “Super Scout,” Los Angeles Times, February 6, 1988.

6 For more on French and Genovese’s work with Maddox, see Dan Taylor, “George Genovese,” sabr.org/bioproj/person/638ae2b2.

7 Bill Lyon, “Garry Maddox is His Own Man,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 12, 1977.

8 Frank Dolson, “Maddox ‘Won’ In Vietnam,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 9, 1976.

9 Rich Ashburn, “Maddox Still Bitter About Vietnam.”

10 “The Quiet Man in Center Field Explains How He Found God,” Catholic Advocate, July 21, 1977: 6.

11 Sister Marian Barnes, “Divine Doings,” Philadelphia Tribune, August 20, 1982.

12 “Garry Maddox pt. 1/8 An Unconventional Start,” youtube.com/watch?v=tNruOYHhEXM.

13 Robert A. Rosenthal, “A Way to Remember,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 27, 1986: Magazine section, 7.

14 Bill Conlin, “Agent Orange: Maddox Wonders…and Worries,” Philadelphia Daily News, September 25, 1981.

15 Wells Twombly, “Mirror Image,” San Francisco Examiner, April 26, 1972.

16 Wells Twombly, “Garry Maddox: No Mays Incarnation,” San Francisco Examiner, July 10, 1972.

17 Pat Frizzell, “Maddox Latest to Crash Giant List of Sharp Kids,” The Sporting News, July 15, 1972.

18 Dave Newhouse, “Another Giant Find in Center,” Oakland Tribune, June 23, 1972.

19 “Maddox Quits Homer Bid to Putting ‘Ball in Play,’” Chicago Defender, May 11, 1974.

20 Bob Stevens, “Giants Holdouts — The Wage War,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 2, 1974; Bucky Walter, “McCovey Trade Creates New Role for Maddox,” San Francisco Examiner, March 9, 1974.

21 Pat Frizzell, “Maddox’ 1974 Decline at Dish Blamed on Ailments,” The Sporting News, November 16, 1974.

22 Allen Lewis, “Maddox Jittery but Glad to Get Shot with Phils,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 7, 1975.

23 Glenn Schwarz, “Giants Hope Willie Will Be Answer,” San Francisco Examiner, May 5, 1974.

24 Skip Myslenski, “Anatomy of a Dream,” Philadelphia Inquirer, October 3, 1976: magazine section, 27.

25 Bus Saidt, “Maddox Gives Mauch the Willies,” Trenton Times, September 4, 1975.

26 Bill Conlin, “Wilson’s Knees on Sick List,” Philadelphia Daily News, June 16, 1986.

27 George Vass, “These Are the Majors’ Most Valuable Center Fielders,” Baseball Digest, June 1976.

28 Larry Keith, “He’s in Love with His Glove,” Sports Illustrated, July 3, 1978.

29 Keith, “He’s in Love with His Glove.”

30 The earliest mention of this line found by the author: Dan Hafner, “Maddox Delivers with Bat Too,” Los Angeles Times, June 29, 1978. This article does not attribute the quote. Subsequently, it has been credited to Phillies broadcaster Harry Kalas, Philadelphia beat writer Ray Didinger, and Mets broadcaster Ralph Kiner, though the latter does not appear to be correct.

31 Bill Conlin, “Garry Maddox Trade Was a Steal for Phillies,” Philadelphia Daily News, April 5, 1976.

32 Keith, “He’s in Love with His Glove.”

33 On his tendencies as a pull hitter, see Pat Frizzell, “Maddox Latest to Crash Giant List of Sharp Kids.”

34 Stan Hochman, “Garry Maddox Phils MVP,” Philadelphia Daily News, September 13, 1976; Bill Conlin, “Who Wants Maddox?” Philadelphia Daily News, March 11, 1980.

35 See the AP story, “Maddox Aching,” Allentown Morning Call, October 7, 1976.

36 Bruce Hammel, “Phils Making Too Many Mistakes,” Delaware County (Pennsylvania) Times, October 11, 1976; Bill Conlin, “It’s No Controversy—Phils in Trouble,” Philadelphia Daily News, October 11, 1976.

37 Bruce Keidan, “Maddox Trying Harder, But He Hates Being No. 1,” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 26, 1977.

38 Frank Dolson, “Garry Maddox: Finding Answers … and Some Fun,” Philadelphia Inquirer, August 8, 1977.

39 Ted Silary, “’Yes We Care,’” Philadelphia Daily News, August 16, 1978.

40 Larry Eichel, “All Maddox Needed Was to Clear Air,” Philadelphia Inquirer, September 1, 1978.

41 Don Merry, “’I Missed It…It Was Right at Me’—Maddox,” Los Angeles Times, October 8, 1978.

42 Larry Keith, “This Green Giant Isn’t So Jolly,” Sports Illustrated, March 17, 1980.

43 Bill Conlin, “Has Lonnie’s Time Finally Come?” Philadelphia Daily News, March 12, 1980.

44 Jayson Stark, “At the Maddox Clearance Sale, Phils Avoid Hard Sell,” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 12, 1980; Bill Conlin, “Bob Boone Takes a Giant Step,” Philadelphia Daily News, March 20, 1980; Bill Conlin, “Carlton Entitled to Mum Award,” The Sporting News, April 5, 1980.

45 Hal Bodley, “Maddox Returns with Swat Flourish,” The Sporting News, June 7, 1982.

46 Ray Didinger, “Maddox Homer Steals the Show,” Philadelphia Daily News, June 11, 1981.

47 Bill Conlin, “Anatomy of a Phils Trade,” Philadelphia Daily News, August 12, 1981; Rich Ashburn, “Phils’ Trades Were Real Steals,” Philadelphia Daily News, April 20, 1982.

48 Bill Conlin, “Anatomy of a Phils Trade.”

49 Peter Pascarelli, “In or Out?” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 5, 1983.

50 Frank Dolson, “Much-Maligned Phillies Have the Last Laugh,” Philadelphia Inquirer, October 11, 1983.

51 Bill Conlin, “Phils Making Few Nashville Sounds,” Philadelphia Daily News, December 5, 1983.

52 Stan Hochman, “Maddox Doesn’t Like Phils’ Numbers,” Philadelphia Daily News, May 31, 1984.

53 Peter Pascarelli, “Grading the Phils at Midterm,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 12, 1984.

54 Peter Pascarelli, “Altered Delivery a Boon to Carman,” The Sporting News, July 15, 1985.

55 Stan Hochman, “Maddox Quietly Awaits the Future,” Philadelphia Daily News, December 9, 1983.

56 Jill Lieber, “And One Who Prospered;” “Garry Maddox pt. 2/8 Handwriting on the Wall,” youtube.com/watch?v=UkggWhMUo8A.

57 Juan Gonzalez, “City Cooks Up a Hot Deal at the Vet,” Philadelphia Daily News, November 4, 1983.

58 Sheila Simmons, “This ex-Phillie Making a Hit in Novelty Import Business,” Philadelphia Daily News, May 16, 1991; “Garry Maddox pt. 5/8 RA and the Phillies,” youtube.com/watch?v=nXvZCYO1Oxo.

59 Frank Dolson, “Maddox, the Player and Person, Deserves the Applause,” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 31, 1986.

60 Peter Pascarelli, “Maddox Gets First Start and the Results Are Mixed,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 21, 1986.

61 “Garry Maddox pt. 3/8 Without Degree,” youtube.com/watch?v=3jpOvrr5HkQ.

62 Andy Gotlieb, “Maddox Covers New Ground,” Philadelphia Business Journal, March 3, 2003. Available online at: bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2003/03/03/story8.html

63 Sam Carchidi, “A Quiet Man Persevered in a Wild Year,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 12, 2005.

64 Frank Dolson, “Maddox is Recipient of Clemente Award,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 15, 1986.

65 Maureen Fitzpatrick, “Giving Back with Golf, Tutoring,” Philadelphia Inquirer, November 23, 2000.

66 Compete 360, compete360.org/compete-360.