Arch McCarthy

Summoned straight from the amateur ranks to a major-league rotation, Arch McCarthy was the first of seven pitching recruits brought up by the Detroit Tigers in the summer of 1902. After his first two big-league starts — both complete games on consecutive days — McCarthy looked to have a good shot to stay at the top level. But a combination of circumstances and bad habits led him back to the minors, where he remained for the rest of his career.

Archibald Jeremiah McCarthy was born January 21, 1881, in Ypsilanti, Michigan, the son of Irish-Americans John and Mary (Burk) McCarthy.12 McCarthy’s mother died in 1887,3 and his father followed in 1897.4 Archibald was 19 years old and living with his father’s sister and brother in Ypsilanti in 1900 the first time he appeared in a census document.5 He and his 16-year-old sister Anna and 13-year-old brother Joseph were all listed as “at school.” In 1901, an Ypsilanti city directory noted his profession as “bookkeeper.”6

He was also probably playing baseball for a Ypsilanti amateur team. A short article in the Detroit Free Press from 1901 describes a pitchers’ duel between Ypsilanti and “the Selling & May nine of Detroit” in which “McCarthy, the Ypsilanti twirler,” struck out 11.7 He also played for Tecumseh, a semipro team in the next county.8 He did well enough there in 1901 to be offered a contract with the Wheeling, West Virginia, franchise in the Western Association in February 1902, but the league folded before the season began.9

Exactly how the amateur hurler came to the attention of the American League club in Detroit is unknown, but the Tigers did hold their preseason training in Ypsilanti that year, which may have helped him attract some notice.10 A no-hitter against the Cadillacs of Detroit, another amateur club, no doubt helped as well, as it led to a write-up in the Free Press.11 Whatever the case, McCarthy caught someone’s eye. He agreed to join the Tigers in August and was described as “a very promising man” who “has been doing such good work for the Tecumseh independent club.”12 After an injury to starter Ed Siever, McCarthy immediately joined the rotation.13

The 21-year-old made his debut with the Tigers on August 14, 1902, in the first game of a road doubleheader vs. the Philadelphia Athletics. Detroit dropped both games, which was typical of the 1902 team—which was in seventh place that day—and the Athletics—who went on to win the American League pennant. McCarthy surrendered four runs and took the loss. The Free Press said that “McCarthy, Detroit’s new pitcher, did creditable work and appears to be a ‘comer.’”14 The Philadelphia Inquirer mentioned him as “a youngster named McCarthy, who [Tigers manager] Frank Dwyer dug up.”15

The Tigers and Athletics had another doubleheader the next day, and McCarthy, as a starting pitcher for the second time in two days, lost the second game after pitching the full eight innings.16 According to the Philadelphia North American, McCarthy was tipping his pitches and the Athletics hitters soon figured it out.17 He pitched before a home crowd a week later, but lost again, this time to the Washington Senators.18 Two more appearances without a win followed before McCarthy was victorious over Washington on September 1, impressing the Tigers management enough to be offered a contract for the rest of the season and into 1903.19 Three days later, though, the Athletics shellacked him again, tallying 13 runs on 18 hits.20 A second win finally came on September 7, when the Tigers bested the Baltimore Orioles 11-6. McCarthy appeared in relief and was said to be “unhittable, but very wild.”21 Six other pitchers made their debut with the Tigers in the last two months of the 1902 season, suggesting a team that was desperate for big-league talent.

One story about his lack of control emerged years later. According to catcher Fritz Buelow, McCarthy kept getting wilder and wilder as the game went on. “Say, what’s the matter with you?” Buelow asked while visiting the mound, “Why don’t you put the ball over the plate?” McCarthy explained, “It’s got gum on it, Fred. You know how I’m always chewing gum. Well, I’ve got some of it on this ball and I can’t control it at all.”22 “Chewing Gum Mac” closed the 1902 season at 2-7 with a 6.13 ERA.23 The Tigers finished 52-83, in seventh place, 30½ games behind the mighty Athletics.

The National and American Leagues made peace in the offseason. The leagues had been raiding each other’s rosters for talent but now agreed to respect contracts and divvy up the disputed players. In the list that emerged of Tigers players, McCarthy was omitted “through an oversight of the magnates,” but no other team had him on their list, either.24 In February, McCarthy was listed among the players expected to attend Tigers spring training.25

Before spring training began, though, Detroit’s new manager, Ed Barrow, cut McCarthy loose. The Free Press reported interest in the pitcher from minor-league teams in Kansas City and Fargo, but after spending the early spring working out at nearby Cleary College, he signed with the Concord (New Hampshire) Marines of the Class B New England League.26 According to the Free Press, Concord offered McCarthy a contract on the recommendation of Athletics manager Connie Mack, with an eye toward a return to the American League if he pitched well. His salary was rumored to be among the highest in the league.27

Concord had a solid team that included future big-leaguer John Titus. McCarthy was the Opening Day starter on May 1, earning the win in a sloppy 20-12 game against the Fall River Indians, in which only three of the Indians’ runs were earned.28 He started the season well, tossing an 11-inning three-hitter against Fall River on May 10.29 He had six wins under his belt in June, but left one game early when he couldn’t find the plate in the first inning.30 His control returned in the next two games, when he threw a shutout and a one-run loss.

A four-hit shutout at New Bedford was the highlight of McCarthy’s summer, which was strong overall. The Fall River Daily Evening News noted his consistency in August, writing that “but 16 runs have been made off McCarthy in eight games.”31 He won Concord’s final game of the season, striking out 10, in a game that included a near-riot by New Bedford fans who were outraged at the umpire’s call at third base in the fifth.32 McCarthy appeared in 34 games, winning 20 and losing 12 while batting .134, but he never got the hoped-for call back to the majors.33

By March 1904, McCarthy had moved on from Concord to the Montreal Royals in the Class A Eastern League, Concord having waived the reserve clause when it initially signed him.34 He joined the Royals after spending the winter in Tampa, Florida, with an independent team.35

As the Montreal players participated in their spring training in Richmond, Virginia, player-manager Charlie Atherton expressed confidence in the many new players on his club.36 McCarthy pitched well in an opening day loss to Newark and continued to perform well for a team that did not win many games. On May 22, the Montreal Gazette called his latest performance “invincible,” though it made for just his second win of the season.37 The Buffalo Enquirer said that “Pitcher McCarthy of Montreal is considered one of the best twirlers in the Eastern League, judging from his work yesterday. He commands excellent control of the ball, has a varied assortment of curves and fields his position in good style.”38 The team started hitting better that summer, and McCarthy’s win-loss record improved with them.

In August, personnel changes at Montreal meant that McCarthy was reunited with his old manager from the Tigers, Ed Barrow, who had cut him a year earlier. McCarthy and Frank McManus (another former Tiger) announced that they would rather quit the game than play under Barrow again.39 McCarthy made good on the promise, briefly: he joined up with Altoona of the Tri-State League, which was not party to the National Agreement.40 After boycotting the Royals for a week, McCarthy returned to pitch against Toronto, surrendering just one run on three hits. He continued to play regularly into September, finishing the year at 16-17 and batting .172.41 News broke that the New York Giants had arranged to purchase his contract, but nothing seems to have come of it, and he finished the year with the Royals.42

McCarthy returned to Montreal in 1905 and, with Barrow having left to manage Indianapolis in the American Association, it was likely a more pleasant tenure. The Royals played a pre-season exhibition against the New York Giants at the Polo Grounds, where McCarthy is said to have experimented with the spitball for the first time.43

Montreal remained mired in last place in June, but a one-hit shutout of Toronto on the 21st proved the highlight of McCarthy’s season.44 He earned another noteworthy win a week later: an 18-inning complete-game victory over Buffalo, which set an Eastern League record.45 The Toronto News named McCarthy to its All-Star selections, noting that he “has been pitching cracking good ball for two years, and that while on a losing team, which is a cause for wonderment. He has a more deceptive slow ball than any other pitcher in the league, and is a good all-round man. If he had been with a winning team this year, he would have established a reputation for himself.”46

After going 14-11 for the season, McCarthy earned another shot at the big leagues: a tryout with the New York Highlanders, who purchased his contract from Montreal.47 He arrived in New York on the 11th, but did not get into a game and was returned to Montreal.48 Montreal reserved him for the next season, but word soon reached them that McCarthy, tired of being passed around, had jumped once more to the outlaw Tri-State League, this time landing in Johnstown, where Atherton was managing the team.49 The Altoona Tribune asserted that McCarthy had an offer from Pittsburgh, but had chosen to sign with the Johnnies instead.50

Montreal traded their rights to McCarthy to rival Toronto for first baseman Louis Rapp. Opinion in Montreal was that the Royals got the short end of the deal. The change in venue seems to have been enough to coax McCarthy back to the Eastern League, even though it meant playing under Ed Barrow again.51 After an offseason surgery to lance boils under his jaw, he reported to his new home.52

The curveball was working for McCarthy in his Toronto debut, a 3-0 shutout of Newark.53 He lost his next three, though, and was reportedly ailing.54 By May 31, he was back in action, narrowly losing to Buffalo. Barrow suspended McCarthy for a week in June, saying that he was out of shape (often a euphemism employed by sportswriters of the day for drunkenness).55

McCarthy played part of a game in right field that month when John Flynn was ejected from the game.56 As the season dragged on, he began to give up more runs. Even when he pitched well, as in a September 12 game against the Baltimore Orioles, the team struggled—in that case, McCarthy and the Maple Leafs found themselves on the losing end of a no-hitter.57 Despite surrendering just 3.8 runs per nine innings, McCarthy was saddled with a record of 2-21, leading the Eastern League in losses.58 The Leafs finished dead last.

In January 1907, the Tri-State League ended its outlaw status by joining the National Agreement.59 One of the first transactions between the Eastern and the Tri-State happened a month later, when Altoona acquired McCarthy and catcher Jack Slattery from Toronto for $750.60 McCarthy was said to be pleased by the transaction, but the same article noted that he was considering not playing at all in 1907, as he was having some success managing a roller-skating rink in Harrisburg.61 He did not report to spring training with the Mountaineers, tending to his business interests instead and working out with the Harrisburg Senators to stay in shape.62 His arrival was delayed until May, but when that month came around, McCarthy announced his retirement from baseball.63 The rink also closed that month until September, and McCarthy returned to Altoona, where he operated a different rink at Lakemont Park.64

On September 17, 1907, McCarthy married Ethel Shull in Hagerstown, Maryland.65 Although they both lived in Harrisburg at the time of the marriage, crossing state lines may have been relevant: Ethel listed her age as 18 on the marriage license, but census records suggest she was actually 17 at the time of the wedding (in the 1900 census, her birthdate is listed as March 1890).66

Pro baseball called to McCarthy once more in 1908, and he once again promised to pitch for Altoona.67 That April, the Altoona Times described McCarthy as “a giant” at 6-feet-1 and 170 pounds, noting that he had “a variety of curves, a spitball and good control.”68 He started the season with a sore arm and missed some time in April to attend an uncle’s funeral in Detroit.69 He never got going, and was given his release on May 11 after a few wild outings.70

Photo from the Altoona Morning Tribune, April 18, 1908.

He suddenly returned to form the following week when, after being signed by the Harrisburg Senators, he pitched a shutout against his former Altoona teammates.71 After a bad outing against Johnstown in his next start, however, McCarthy was released again.72 Two days later, he signed with the Washington, D.C. club of a short-lived eight-team outlaw circuit, the Union League.73 The league folded on June 4, and it is not clear that McCarthy ever got into a game.74

On June 13, McCarthy suited up for his fourth team that year, the Wilkes-Barre Barons of the New York State League; confusingly, he replaced pitcher Andy McCarthy on the roster.75 His first three starts were brilliant, but he lost badly against Scranton on June 29 after the team owners demanded he start a day sooner than usual.76 He pitched well in July, but when the Barons’ owner demanded he take a $25 per month pay cut, he asked for and received his release.77

McCarthy was not a free agent for long: the Atlantic League, yet another outlaw outfit, started a team in Wilkes-Barre at mid-season, and McCarthy signed with them on August 6.78 Upon his signing, the Wilkes-Barre Record called him “easily one of the best pitchers in minor league base ball.” Former Baron Andy McCarthy was on the team too. The newspapers distinguished Arch and Andy as Big and Little McCarthy, respectively. Arch won three games for the outlaws in August but then asked for his release after signing a deal to pitch for Rochester in the Eastern League.79

McCarthy’s return to the Eastern League was not triumphant; the last-place Bronchos lost his first start when he was hit badly and left the game early.80 By September 9, he was released after two games.81 McCarthy’s poor play may have been caused by the toll of time and innings on his arm, but his wife’s testimony in their 1916 divorce proceedings suggests another cause. “He was away and he was playing baseball,” she said of the 1908 season, “and he started in to drink, and then he was on a drunk for about two months, and he didn’t do a thing but just drink. That is why he lost out with them.”82

In 1909, McCarthy was signed to Jim O’Rourke’s Bridgeport Orators of the Class B Connecticut State League.83 In an exhibition against the New York Giants’ reserve team on April 9, McCarthy was one of three pitchers used but was said to be “very wild.”84 Before he could start a regular season game, McCarthy left the team to tend to his wife, who had needed emergency surgery for appendicitis.85 He returned and pitched in three games, then received another leave of absence, from which he appears never to have returned. In August, he visited his wife’s family in Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, and pitched a game for the amateur team there, shutting out Huntingdon on one hit.86

By 1910, the census lists McCarthy living with his wife in Harrisburg.87 His occupation is given as “pool room proprietor,” but by December of that year, a local news story had him working as a brakeman in Enola, just across the river.88 He also made six appearances for the Norfolk Tars of the Class C Virginia League that year, his final season in professional baseball.89 He pitched well in a spring exhibition against the Yankees, but the Tars released him in late May after some poor outings.90 He was picked up by their Virginia League rivals, the Portsmouth Truckers, but does not appear to have lasted long with the team.91

Less is known about McCarthy after that time. In 1911, the Pennsylvania Railroad hired him to work as a patrolman in the Altoona yards.92 He was still in Altoona and working as a patrolman in 1912, according to a city directory.93 By 1914, he and his wife were in Pittsburgh but living apart. Two years later, Ethel Shull McCarthy filed for divorce, alleging “cruel and barbarous treatment.”94 Archibald McCarthy was served with divorce papers but did not participate in the proceedings, so only his wife’s testimony survives, along with that of several witnesses. Ethel’s description is of a man who was “drinking and drinking continuously, and he didn’t do a day’s work.” She also said that McCarthy beat her, threatened her life, cursed at her, and sold her things to pay for his drinking. The divorce was granted on September 6, 1916.

By 1918, McCarthy was back in central Pennsylvania, employed by the Pennsylvania Railroad, but this time as a laborer.95 As Bill Carle noted in a 2020 SABR Biographical Research Committee newsletter, McCarthy’s September 12, 1918, World War One draft registration is the last time he appears in federal records.96

What became of McCarthy after 1918 has been a mystery. He is the only Detroit Tiger for whom Baseball-Reference has no known death date. Carle’s supposition that McCarthy was one of the millions killed worldwide during the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 to 1920 is likely correct, but if so, no death certificate exists for him.

A Patrolman Archibald J. McCarthy appeared in the Pittsburgh headlines in 1923, but this appears to have been a typographical error, as later stories about the man correct his name to Archibald J. McCartney, whom census records show to be a different, unrelated person.97 An “Arch McCarthy” was arrested in a Prohibition raid in Pittsburgh in 1926, and while this activity matches McCarthy’s habits, it is impossible to know whether it refers to the same man.98

Whatever the case, McCarthy’s declining career appears to have been caused not by a lack of talent but by self-destructive alcoholism common to many in the early game.

Acknowledgments

This bio was reviewed by Darren Gibson and Rory Costello and checked for accuracy by members of SABR’s fact-checking team.

Sources

In addition to the sources shown in the Notes, the author used Baseball-Reference.com and Newspapers.com.

Notes

1 Baseball-Reference gives his full name as Archibald Joseph McCarthy, but other sources disagree.

2 Michigan, Births and Christenings Index, 1867-1911.

3 Michigan deaths index.

4 Michigan deaths index.

5 1900 United States Census.

6 Ypsilanti (Michigan) City Directory, 1901.

7 “Ypsilanti 3; Selling & May 2,” Detroit Free Press, July 12, 1901: 10.

8 “Tecumseh Was Whitewashed,” Detroit Free Press, August 4, 1901: 8.

9 “Detroit Boy Signs with Wheeling,” Detroit Free Press, February 12, 1902: 9.

10 “Ban B. And The Nine Are Gone,” Detroit Free Press, April 2, 1902: 3.

11 “Cadillacs Shy of Stickers,” Detroit Free Press, July 30, 1902: 3.

12 “Mercer Again a Tiger,” Detroit Free Press, August 10, 1902: 8.

13 “Tigers Have Gone East,” Detroit Free Press, August 12, 1902: 10.

14 “Fielder Ever in The Way,” Detroit Free Press, August 15, 1902: 3.

15 “Detroit Drops Another Pair to Athletics,” Philadelphia Inquirer, August 15, 1902: 10.

16 “Athletics Up, Detroit Down,” Detroit Free Press, August 16, 1902: 3.

17 Quoted in Joe S. Jackson, “Sporting Facts and Fancies,” Detroit Free Press, August 19, 1902: 10.

18 “Tigers Rally Did Not Count,” Detroit Free Press, August 24, 1902: 8.

19 “M’Carthy’s Work Was Clever Pitching Feat,” Detroit Free Press, September 2, 1902: 8.

20 “M’Carthy Led to Slaughter,” Detroit Free Press, September 5, 1902: 3

21 “Firm Grip on Seventh Place,” Detroit Free Press, September 8, 1902: 8.

22 “Chewing Gum Mac,” The [Montreal] Gazette, August 20, 1904: 2.

23 There is a minor discrepancy between Baseball-Reference and Retrosheet as to McCarthy’s ERA: Baseball-Reference lists it as 6.13, while Retrosheet has 6.12. It is exactly 6.125 which rounds up to 6.13.

24 “Peace Again in Baseball,” Detroit Free Press, January 11, 1903: 1.

25 “Babes Preparing for Southern Trip,” Detroit Free Press, February 2, 1903: 8.

26 “After Archie McCarthy,” Detroit Free Press, March 6, 1903: 10. “Signs of The Season Now,” Detroit Free Press, March 12, 1903: 10.

27 “Notes and Notices of the Base Ball Players,” Fall River Daily Globe, June 5, 1903: 3.

28 “Heavy Batting Game,” Fall River Daily Evening News, May 2, 1903: 3.

29 “Weak at the Bat,” Fall River Daily Globe, May 11, 1903: 1.

30 “Met Usual Fate,” Fall River Daily Globe, June 6, 1903: 1.

31 “Notes,” Fall River Daily Evening News, August 27, 1903: 3.

32 “Concord 9, New Bedford 4,” Fall River Daily Globe, September 14, 1903: 1.

33 “Batting and Fielding in New England League,” Boston Globe, October 19, 1903: 8.

34 “McCarthy for Montreal,” Pittsburgh Press, February 24, 1904: 10. “Sporting Notes,” Fall River Daily Globe, March 11, 1904: 2.

35 “McCarthy for Montreal,” Pittsburgh Press, February 24, 1904: 10.

36 “Atherton’s Team,” Buffalo Commercial, April 21, 1904: 5.

37 “Won Both Games,” The [Montreal] Gazette, May 23, 1904: 5.

38 “Local Gossip of the Players,” Buffalo Enquirer, June 2, 1904: 8.

39 “Rebellion in Montreal Ranks,” The [Montreal] Gazette, August 9, 1904: 7.

40 “Altoona Gets New Twirler,” Harrisburg Daily Independent, August 10, 1904: 4.

41 “Wiltse Leads the Pitchers,” The Buffalo Times, October 7, 1904: 10.

42 “After Montreal Players,” The [Montreal] Gazette, September 10, 1904: 6.

43 “Royals Shut Out,” The [Montreal] Gazette, April 13, 1905: 2.

44 “Toronto Shut Out,” The [Montreal] Gazette, June. 22, 1905: 2.

45 “Won a Great Game,” The [Montreal] Gazette, June 30, 1905: 8.

46 “An All-Star Team,” The [Montreal] Gazette, September 14, 1905: 4.

47 “Protection to Players,” The New York Times, September 2, 1905: 6. “Lindaman the Leader,” The [Montreal] Gazette, October 3, 1905: 2.

48 “Highlanders Release Powell,” Rochester] Democrat and Chronicle, September 12, 1905: 14. “M’Carthy at New York,” The [Montreal] Gazette, September 14, 1905: 14.

49 “Eastern Reserve List,” The [Montreal] Gazette, October 5, 1905: 2. “Two for Montreal,” The [Montreal] Gazette, February 21, 1906: 2.

50 “Base Ball Chat,” Altoona (Pennsylvania) Tribune, February 23, 1906: 3.

51 “Diamond Gossip,” The [Montreal] Gazette, March 14, 1906: 2.

52 “McCarthy in Toronto,” The [Montreal] Gazette, April 2, 1906: 4.

53 “Eastern League Saturday,” The [Montreal] Gazette, April 30, 1906: 2.

54 “Diamond Gossip,” The [Montreal] Gazette, May 18, 1906: 2.

55 “Ed Barrow’s Hustling,” The Buffalo Times, June 19, 1906: 10.

56 “Flynn Hit Kerin,” The [Montreal] Gazette, July 14, 1906: 2.

57 “Orioles Took Two,” The [Montreal] Gazette, September 13, 1906: 2.

58 “Eastern League Pitchers,” The [Montreal] Gazette, October 8, 1906: 4.

59 “Baseball Protection Given to ‘Outlaws’,” The New York Times, January 8, 1907: 15.

60 “Altoona’s Crack Battery,” The York (Pennsylvania) Dispatch, February 13, 1907: 7.

61 “McCarthy Pleased,” The York Dispatch, February 15, 1907: 11.

62 “M’Carthy Is Rink Owner,” Altoona (Pennsylvania) Times, March 21, 1907: 13.

63 “Sylvan Lodge,” Altoona Tribune, May 24, 1907: 9.

64 “Rink Will Close,” Harrisburg (Pennsylvania) Telegraph, May 10, 1907: 7.

65 Washington Co., Maryland Marriages, p. 11804. Accessed April 19, 2025, https://www.washcolibrary.org/marriages/Washington_County_MD_Marriages_1907_11444-12000.pdf. 1910 Census.

66 1900 Census.

67 “The Clouds Are Breaking,” Altoona Tribune, March 5, 1908: 2.

68 “New Players Have Records,” Altoona Times, April 3, 1908: 9.

69 “Trip Up the James River,” Altoona Tribune, April 9, 1908: 10. “Gossip of the Sports,” Altoona Tribune, April 16, 1908: 10. This was probably his uncle Edward McCarthy, with whom he lived after his parents died. Edward died April 7, 1908. Michigan Death Records.

70 “Farrell Swings the Ax,” Altoona Tribune, May 12, 1908: 10.

71 “Altoona Was Whitewashed,” Altoona Tribune, May 18, 1908: 2.

72 “Heckert Releases McCarthy,” Altoona Tribune, May 26, 1908: 10.

73 “Williamsport Lands a Catcher,” Altoona Tribune, May 27, 1908: 10.

74 “Outlaw Players Scatter,” Washington Herald, June 4, 1908: 8.

75 “More Changes Made by Manager Lezotte,” The Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Record, June 13, 1908: 14.

76 “From the Foul Lines,” The Wilkes-Barre Record, July 1, 1908: 14.

77 “McCarthy Demanded Release,” The Wilkes-Barre Record, August 4, 1908: 13.

78 “Pitcher McCarthy Joins the Atlantics,” The Wilkes-Barre Record, August 7, 1908: 12.

79 “Notes of the Game,” The Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) News, August 20, 1908: 6. “McCarthy Joins Rochester,” The Wilkes-Barre Record, August 24, 1908: 10.

80 “Growl of Grays’ Sluggers Heard,” Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, August 28, 1908: 17.

81 “Farrell’s Bulletin,” The Wilkes-Barre News, September 9, 1908: 7.

82 Testimony, Ethel Shull McCarthy v. Archibald Jeremiah McCarthy, No. 646 April Term, 1916, Allegheny Co. Court of Common Pleas, p. 18

83 “O’Rourke’s Nine,” Norwich Bulletin, April 7, 1909: 3.

84 “‘Red’ Waller Just Tossed ‘Em Over,” Bridgeport Evening Farmer, April 10, 1909: 5.

85 “Flashes From the Field – Dandy Diamond Doings,” The Bridgeport Evening Farmer, May 5, 1909: 7. Ethel McCarthy confirmed the attack of appendicitis in her divorce pleadings, stating that her doctor, H.F. Simmons, blamed it on “the nervous condition [her husband] had caused.” Testimony, Ethel Shull McCarthy v. Archibald Jeremiah McCarthy, No. 646 April Term, 1916, Allegheny Co. Court of Common Pleas, p. 6

86 “Bloomfield Drops Two to Huntingdon,” The Perry County (Pennsylvania) Democrat, August 25, 1909: 2.

87 1910 Census.

88 “Railroad Notes,” Harrisburg (Pennsylvania) Daily Independent, December 8, 1910: 9.

89 “’Aye, Aye, Sir” From 4 Tars of Mary Jane,” The [Norfolk] Virginian-Pilot, March 15, 1910: 9.

90 “Yankees Won a Slow Game, Score 10 to 5,” The [Norfolk] Virginian-Pilot, April 9, 1910: 7.

91 “Portsmouth Cans Foxen,” The [Norfolk] Virginian-Pilot, June 3, 1910: 11.

92 “Pennsy Adds Policemen,” Altoona Times, November 27, 1911: 4.

93 Altoona, Pennsylvania, City Directory, 1912.

94 “Gossip of the Courts and Lawyers,” Pittsburgh Press, July 7, 1916: 16.

95 World War I draft registration.

96 Bill Carle, “A Pandemic Mystery,” SABR Biographical Research Committee newsletter, June 2020. Accessed April 19, 2025.

97 “Negro Driver Charges Police Kidnaped Him,” Pittsburgh Daily Post, July 15, 1923: 1. “Policemen on trial Deny Booze Charges,” Pittsburgh Press, October 10, 1923: 1.

98 “Liquor ‘Cutting’ Plant Uncovered by Raiders; Downtown Club Is Hit,” Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, March 9, 1926: 9.