Mox McQuery

Although he had his moments as a 19th-century major-league ballplayer, the singular event of Mox McQuery’s life was the one that ended it. Several years into his post-baseball tenure as a Covington, Kentucky, police officer, McQuery died in the line of duty, shot by a murder suspect whom he had attempted to take into custody. Detailed accounts of McQuery’s death can be found elsewhere.1 The narrative herein focuses upon the life that preceded his passing, with an emphasis on baseball.

William Thomas McQuery was born on June 28, 1861, on his grandfather’s farm in Garrard County, Kentucky, rolling hills country situated in the heart of the Bluegrass State. Descended from Highland Scot Protestants, the McQuery clan had worked the land there for decades. Named for the family patriarchs, our subject was the youngest of three children2 born to Alexander S. McQuery (1835-1883) and his wife, Margaret (Naylor) McQuery, 1843-1910), also a Garrard County native. When Will was still a child, his parents moved the family 120 miles north to Covington, a small Kentucky city located across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. There, father Alex found employment in the building trades and became active in the local plasterers’ union, rising to union vice president in early 1881.3 After receiving an elementary school education, Will joined him, working as a lather and laborer.4

The origins of McQuery’s baseball career are murky. Nineteenth–century baseball scholars David Nemec and David Ball relate that he was spotted while playing for an amateur nine in Newport, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Reds hurling ace Will White, who arranged for McQuery’s engagement by a club in Covington.5 The first discovered newsprint mention of McQuery memorializes his playing left field for the Covington Stars during a 12-0 drubbing by the professional Louisville Eclipse on July 18, 1880.6 Neither the game account nor subsequent reportage reveals which way McQuery threw or batted. As a result, modern reference works list McQuery as bats and throws unknown. Yet analyzing the record, deductions may be still be hazarded. A large man – the websites Baseball-Reference and Retrosheet list McQuery as 6-feet-1/195 pounds but contemporary sources have him even bigger7 – he played all but one game of his professional career as a first baseman. Given his innate athleticism – McQuery was an outstanding defensive player – his confinement to first suggests that he may well have been a left-handed thrower. Then again it may have been a positional limitation dictated by slow-footedness or a weak throwing arm. In any event, McQuery was almost certainly a right-handed pull hitter,8 a conclusion grounded in the fact that virtually every McQuery extra-base hit described in game reportage was hit to left field.9

During the early 1880s, McQuery was “the crack first baseman for the Covington Stars.”10 In 1883 he joined another Covington club, the Kentons.11 There, his play began to attract more press notice, with an Indiana newspaper commenting, “McQuery, the first baseman of the Kentons, is their best player. He never lets a ball get away from him.”12 Outstanding defensive work soon became the hallmark of McQuery’s game but it is unclear whether he was a barehanded fielder or wore a rudimentary-type glove at this stage of his career.13 Whatever the case, McQuery began receiving offers from professional teams before the summer was over, with an unaffiliated club from Evansville, Indiana, being his most persistent suitor.14

After the season, McQuery signed with Evansville.15 But a falling-out between roster recruiter-manager Ed Pendleton and the club’s financial backers scuttled team operations.16 As a consequence, McQuery made his minor-league debut with another Indiana club, the Terre Haute Hoosiers of the Northwestern League.17 The Hoosiers, however, proved a bust, posting a short-season 15-50 (.231) record.18 In 57 games (which included his lone professional appearance in the outfield), McQuery posted only a modest .251 batting average with 18 extra-base hits. But that was good enough to gain him his first major-league engagement, signed by the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the upstart Union Association in mid-August.19

Mac (as he was called early in his career) made his major-league debut on August 20, 1884, going 3-for-6 with a home run against Chicago Browns right-hander Al Atkinson and handling 11 chances flawlessly at first base in a 19-5 Cincinnati victory. The Cincinnati Enquirer was duly impressed by the newcomer, reporting that McQuery’s “work both in the field and at bat was very satisfactory. … He covers all the territory around the bag well, and is especially good in picking up low thrown balls. He is also very clever with the stick.”20

Permanently installed at first base by his new club, McQuery quickly drew more raves from the local press for his defensive work. “McQuery … is a most excellent first baseman”21 and “such a precious find,” gushed the Enquirer.22 In 35 contests for the Outlaw Reds, McQuery upped his batting average to .280 and played reliable defense (.978 fielding average) for a strong (69-36, .657) second-place finisher. But with the continued survival of the Union Association in doubt – the UA expired over the winter – Cincinnati released McQuery during the offseason.23 He did not remain unemployed long, however; he was quickly scooped up by the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the fledgling minor Western League.24

Its expenses underwritten by local department-store magnate and baseball enthusiast John T. Brush, Indianapolis promptly made a shambles of the 1885 Western League pennant chase, starting the season a torrid 27-4 (.871). The Hoosiers also walloped the Detroit Wolverines of the National League, 8-0, in a mid-April exhibition game in which McQuery “knocked the ball over the left field fence for a home run.”25 Weeks later, McQuery was among the Hoosiers players purchased by Detroit.26 Immediately given the first-base assignment, Mac was his customary stalwart self on defense, the Detroit Free Press reporting, improbably, in mid-July that “when McQuery went upon the diamond yesterday, he had accepted 124 of his 125 chances, a [fielding] percentage of .992.”27 His offense was less scintillating but nevertheless solid, highlighted by McQuery’s hitting for the cycle in a late-season rout of the Providence Grays.28 In 70 games for a noncompetitive (41-67, .380) also-ran, McQuery posted a .273 batting average (76-for-278), with 22 extra-base blows but only 30 RBIs.

Over the winter, McQuery became expendable when Detroit fortified its lineup by purchasing the Big Four of the NL Buffalo Bisons: Cooperstown-bound first baseman Dan Brouthers and third baseman Deacon White, plus shortstop Jack Rowe and outfielder Hardy Richardson. In February 1886, McQuery was dispatched to a newly admitted National League club, the Kansas City Cowboys.29 During an otherwise dreary season with another weak team, two noteworthy events in McQuery’s life occurred. In introducing the newcomer to hometown fans, the Kansas City Times related that “William McQuery, familiarly known among ball players as ‘Big Mox,’ is the first baseman of the team.”30 The genesis of this previously unpublished nickname is uncertain,31 but wherever it came from, McQuery had acquired the moniker that attached to him for the remainder of his life. During 1886, McQuery also married, taking as his bride Isabella Buchanan Shroyer, a divorcee some six years his senior. The new Mrs. McQuery’s 10-year-old son resided with his father and her union with Mox would be childless.

McQuery’s bat did not substantially bolster the cause of the 1886 Kansas City Cowboys, as he notched a lackluster .247 BA with only 38 RBIs over 122 games. His defense, however, was steady as always. Mox led National League first sackers in putouts (1,295) and the modern-day statistic of range factor (11.02) and placed third in fielding percentage (.969). After a hapless (30-91-5, .248) campaign, the Kansas City club vacated the National League, relinquishing its players to the league office.32

The rights to McQuery’s services attracted no major-league bidders but the Hamilton (Ontario) Hams of the minor-league International Association “offered the league $100 for first baseman McQuery … and felt quite insulted when they were informed they might have the player for $1,000.”33 Thereafter, the parties worked out an undiscovered financial arrangement whereby the Hams acquired Mox. Facing lower-grade pitching, McQuery’s offense came alive, and by late July he was reportedly leading the International Association in batting average34 – although the one-season walks equal base hits statistical quirk of 1887 makes assessment of his hitting problematical. Despite his batting prowess and for reasons unknown, Hamilton released McQuery in early September.35

McQuery was promptly signed by another IA club, the Syracuse Stars. He recorded five base hits in a 15-11 loss to Hamilton on September 14, and finished the season with an official (168-for-421) .399 batting average.36 For Hamilton and Syracuse combined, Mox scored 71 runs in 102 games played, and his fielding was typically first-rate, with 1,063 putouts, 27 assists, and 25 errors translating into an excellent-for-the-era .978 fielding average.37 At season close, Syracuse reserved him for the coming year.38

Over the winter, McQuery tended to his interests in real estate back home in Covington.39 While there, he “received offers from three clubs in higher leagues but preferred [to remain in] Syracuse.”40 Appreciative, Stars club owners appointed Mox team captain for the coming season.41 Sober, amiable but reserved, and respected by teammates, it was a responsibility that he would shoulder in the future for other ballclubs as well. With Captain McQuery excelling with the bat (.309 batting average with 42 extra-base hits) and on defense, leading International Association first basemen in putouts (1,228), assists (47), and fielding percentage (.988),42 Syracuse posted a handsome 81-30 (.730) record and cruised to the 1888 IA pennant.

During the offseason, McQuery expanded his Covington real estate portfolio but otherwise spent the winter at home “sawing wood and saying nothing.”43 He again captained the Syracuse club in 1889, but the Stars were now a member of a newly formed and faster high-minor-league circuit, the International League.  The club continued to perform well but at 64-44, .593 slipped to second place in the final IL standings. McQuery’s numbers also slackened slightly. In 104 games, he batted .299 but again led league first basemen in fielding percentage (.985).44

In 1890, the arrival of the Players League created chaos on the major-league scene. The National League lost the crème of its playing talent to the nascent circuit. The American Association suffered fewer player defections, but four of its franchises defected.45 The ensuing promotion of the Syracuse Stars to the American Association put team captain Mox McQuery back in the major leagues for the first time in four years. But in many respects, the 1890 American Association was a major league in name only. Three of its newly admitted franchises (Syracuse, Rochester, and Toledo) were situated in normally minor-league venues while the threadbare new Brooklyn club could not even obtain grounds in the City of Churches. The Brooklyn Gladiators opened the season playing home games in neighboring Queens.

Even pseudo-major-league competition proved difficult for the Syracuse Stars. The club limped to a seventh-place finish (55-72-1, .433). Little of this poor showing, however, was attributable to McQuery. He batted a solid .308 (142-for-461, with 25 extra-base hits), second on the club to Cupid Childs (.345), and played his standard reliable defense (.972 FA). Weeks after the season ended and with Syracuse on the verge of tendering its resignation from the American Association,46 the club released McQuery and three other regulars.47

In February 1891, Mox found a major-league berth with yet another new entry into the American Association, the Washington (DC) Statesmen.48 And yet again, he became a member of a bad ballclub. At season end, the Washington club had the worst record in the AA (44-91-4, .326). By that time, however, McQuery was long gone, having been released in late July.49 Hampered by a hand injury that kept him in and out of the lineup, he turned in a professional career-low .241 batting average in 68 games before being jettisoned. But his defense remained solid: .977 FA with a league-leading 10.75 range factor for first basemen.

At 31, Mox McQuery’s major-league days were over. In 417 games played in three different major-league circuits overall, he posted a .271/.327/.365 slash line, with 104 extra-base hits that included 13 homers. If those numbers were skimpy for a power position like first base – and McQuery played all of his major-league games at first – he partially compensated for that with standout defensive play (.973 career FA). Nevertheless, the judgment of nineteenth-century baseball scholars Nemec and Ball, while somewhat harsh, rings true: McQuery “was slightly above the average [major-league] hitter but not strong enough to be a long-term solution for any team at a position where good hitting was de rigueur.”50

After his release by Washington, McQuery extended his professional career by quickly signing with a minor-league club, the Troy (New York) Trojans of the Eastern Association.51 The engagement reunited him with recently deposed Statesmen manager Sam Trott, who soon made Mox the captain of the Troy team.52 The Trojans, however, proved just another noncompetitive ballclub (51-77, .398) for the McQuery résumé.

The dissolution of the American Association over the winter of 1891-1892 reduced the major leagues to a single circuit, the bloated 12-club National League.53 It also reduced to the vanishing point the prospect of Mox McQuery finding another big-league post. Nevertheless, he still wanted to play, and signed for the coming season with the Evansville Hoosiers of the lower-tier minor Illinois-Iowa League.54 The hometown press enthusiastically endorsed his engagement, the Evansville Journal informing readers that “there isn’t a better natured man in the business than McQuery”55 and that the big first baseman was “a ballplayer par excellence.”56 Appointed team captain, Mox performed capably, batting .292 (52-for-178), with 20 extra-base hits in 48 games.

While finally back playing for a decent (30-20, .600) ballclub, McQuery was also a member of a financially unstable one. In early July, the Evansville franchise ceased operations, leaving Mox to seek employment elsewhere. In early August he hooked on with the Marinette (Wisconsin) Badgers of the Michigan-Wisconsin League,57 but his tenure there lasted barely two weeks.58 By month’s end, McQuery was back home in Covington, his professional baseball playing days behind him.

Thereafter, the McQuery name disappeared from newsprint until February 1894, when it was reported that “Mox McQuery, the old first baseman, wishes to emerge from retirement at Covington, Ky., and once more toss the ball for glory – and a salary.”59 But the occupation that McQuery actually aspired to was that of officer on the Covington Police Department. He submitted a formal job application in September 189460 but had to wait until May 1896 to be appointed to the force.61 Once on the job, Patrolman McQuery, “a tall, sturdy man loaded with bravery, patience, and the type of temperament to deal with all kinds of pressure,”62 busied himself with making arrests for assault, disorderly conduct, petty theft, and other street crime.63

McQuery’s rendezvous with fate began in Covington on the evening of June 8, 1900. As previously noted, detailed accounts of the events that attended his being mortally wounded while on duty are provided elsewhere.64 But in short, Patrolman McQuery attempted to remove two suspicious characters, Wallace Bishop and Thomas Mulligan, from a horse-drawn trolley, unaware that the pair had just been involved in the fatal shooting of a local vagrant. As McQuery and his charges reached the end of the passenger aisle, Bishop uncovered his revolver and fired. One bullet passed through McQuery’s left arm and then penetrated his stomach. Notwithstanding his injuries, McQuery remained upright and returned fire, grazing Bishop’s leg. The two miscreants then fled the trolley.65

His intestines perforated, the gravely wounded officer was transported to Cincinnati City Hospital, where the initial prognosis was grim. But his fitness and strong constitution served McQuery well and, against the odds, he began to recover. But several days after his hospital admission, infection and peritonitis set in. Early on the afternoon of June 12, William Thomas “Mox” McQuery succumbed. He was 38.66

Funeral services conducted by a Baptist minister were attended by political dignitaries and virtually the entire Covington police and fire departments. Thereafter, thousands on the street observed the solemn procession to interment at Linden Grove Cemetery in Covington.67 Without children, the deceased was survived by his widow, Isabella; mother, Margaret; and sister, Angelina Dundler.

Acknowledgments

This biography was reviewed by Darren Gibson and Len Levin and fact-checked by Paul Proia.

Sources

Sources for the biographical information imparted herein include the Mox McQuery file at the Giamatti Research Center, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Cooperstown, New York; the Mox McQuery profile in David Nemec and David Ball, Major League Baseball Profiles, 1871-1900, Vol. 2 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2014); Paul Proia, “The Day Big Mox Met Wallace Bishop,” Nineteenth Century Notes, Spring 2024; US Census data and other government records accessed via Ancestry.com; and certain of the newspaper articles cited in the endnotes. Unless otherwise specified, stats have been taken from Baseball-Reference.

Notes

1 See e.g., Paul Proia, “The Day Mox McQuery Met Wallace Bishop,” Nineteenth Century Notes, Spring 2014, 13-21; “Kentucky Cop Stories – Big Mox (Covington, Ky.),” https://kentuckycopstories.wordpress.com/2022/06/24/big-mox-cov.; “Patrolman William Thomas ‘Big Mox’ McQuery/Covington Police Department,” https://police-museum.org/line-of-duty/20th/patrolman-william-thomas-mcquery-covington-police-department.

2 The older McQuery children were Elizabeth Angelina (born 1858) and Mary Jane (1859).

3 As reported in “Across the Ohio River,” Cincinnati Daily Gazette, February 10, 1881: 3.

4 The 1882 Covington city directory lists Alex McQuery as a plasterer and William T. McQuery as a lather.

5 David Nemec and David Ball, “Mox McQuery” in Major League Player Profiles, 1871-1900, Vol. 2 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 402. There is also a report that Cincinnati Reds tried out McQuery but decided not to keep him. See “Sporting Notes,” Detroit Free Press, July 21, 1885: 8.

6 See “Base Ball,” Louisville Courier-Journal, July 20, 1880: 4. McQuery went 1-for-3 off future major-league pitcher Phil Reccius and made one error in eight chances in the outfield.

7 Often described as a “giant,” McQuery, according to an 1891 newspaper profile, “stands six feet two inches in height and weighs about 210 pounds.” See “Washington’s Team,” Washington Evening Star, April 11, 1891: 13. A vintage major-league index card accessible online lists McQuery’s height as 6’4” as does Major League Baseball Profiles, 402.

8 Then as now, major-league position players who threw left but batted right were exceedingly rare.

9 See e.g., “A Well-Earned Victory,” Indianapolis Journal, April 14, 1885: 8: “McQuery who knocked the ball over the left-field fence for a home run”; “Made the Giants Hustle – But Not Enough,” Detroit Free Press, June 30, 1886: 8: “McQuery’s long hit over the left field fence”; “Gored by the Bisons,” Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, May 20, 1888: 2: “McQuery’s home run was made by a hit over the left field fence”; “Snapped a Bone,” Boston Globe, July 3, 1891: 5: “McQuery put the ball over the left field fence for a home run”; “Wonderful Playing,” Evansville (Indiana) Journal, May 15, 1892: 7: “McQuery sent a drive into deep left that looked for a home run.”

10 As subsequently noted in “Baseball Gossip,” Cincinnati Enquirer, May 6, 1896: 2.

11 As reported in “The Kentons of 1883,” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 25, 1883: 16.

12 “Notes,” Vincennes (Indiana) Weekly Western Sun, August 10, 1883: 2.

13 Although a first baseman employing hand protection dates to 1875, it was not the norm, and the Spalding Guide did not begin advertising fielding gloves for any position other than catcher until 1890. The first discovered report of McQuery using any kind of defensive gear appeared during the 1891 season. See “It Was a Great Game,” Washington Evening Star, July 10, 1891: 7: “McQuery, after he made a good stop of the ball with his big glove, could not find it.”

14 Per “Base Ball Matters,” Evansville Daily Journal, September 10, 1883: 4.

15 As reported in “Sports Matters,” Fort Wayne (Indiana) Daily News, December 20, 1883: 5; “Notes,” Cincinnati Enquirer, November 25, 1883: 10; and elsewhere.

16 As explained in “Pendleton’s Prank,” Evansville Daily Journal, January 29, 1884: 3; and “Base Ball Notes,” Evansville Courier, January 27, 1884: 1. A reconstituted Evansville franchise subsequently entered the Northwestern League as a replacement club in late July.

17 The McQuery signing with Terre Haute was reported in “Base Ball,” Evansville Daily Journal, February 11, 1884: 4; “Base Ball,” Weekly Western Star, February 1, 1884: 7; and elsewhere.

18 According to Lloyd Johnson & Miles Wolff, eds., The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball (Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, Inc., 3rd ed. 2007), 142. Baseball-Reference places the Terre Haute record at 13-48 (.213).

19 The National Agreement that had recently been entered into by the major-league American Association and National League and the minor Northwestern League obliged signatories to respect the player contracts of NA members. The renegade Union Association, however, was under no such restraint and regularly raided other circuits for players.

20 “Hard Slugging,” Cincinnati Enquirer, August 21, 1884: 2.

21 “Knocked Out,” Cincinnati Enquirer, August 28, 1884: 2.

22 “Ah, There Boys!” Cincinnati Enquirer, August 29, 1884: 2.

23 As reported in “Notes and Comments,” Sporting Life, November 19, 1884: 5.

24 Per “Happenings,” Fort Wayne Daily News, November 20, 1884: 1; “Base Ball Notes,” Indianapolis Journal, October 26, 1884: 8.

25 “A Well-Earned Victory,”  Indianapolis Journal, April 14, 1885: 8.

26 In addition to McQuery, Detroit acquired future Hall of Famer Sam Thompson and several other Indianapolis regulars. Once bereft of playing talent, the Indianapolis franchise promptly disbanded, taking the entire Western League with it.

27 “Sporting Notes,” Detroit Free Press, July 11, 1885: 8. For the 1885 National League season, McQuery posted a .976 FA.

28 Final score: Detroit 14, Providence, 2. A detailed account of McQuery’s exploits is provided in a SABR Games Project article by Mike Huber, “September 18, 1885: Mox McQuery ‘Hit for the Whole Diamond’ as Wolverines Set Record Over Grays.”

29 As reported in “Baseball,” the Lincoln (Nebraska) Weekly State Journal, February 26, 1886: 5; and “Sporting Notes,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, February 19, 1886: 5.

30 “The Cowboy Team,” Kansas City Times, April 18, 1886: 9.

31 Nemec and Ball hypothesize that the McQuery nickname may stem from his time with the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds and came courtesy of the club’s German immigrant fans whose Teutonic accent morphed Mac into Max and thereafter into Mox. See Major League Player Profiles, 403.

32 In return for the franchise and its players, the NL paid club backers a reported $6,000. See “Base Ball News,” Savannah (Georgia) Morning News, March 14, 1887: 9. Thereafter, a reorganized Kansas City Cowboys club played the 1887 season in a reconstituted Western League.

33 “Base Ball Notes,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 26, 1887: 4.

34 According to “Doings on the Diamond,” Wilkes-Barre (Pennsylvania) Sunday Morning Leader, July 24, 1887: 6.

35 As reported in “Base Ball Notes,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 9, 1887: 5. Whether it was the reason for McQuery’s release is unknown, but his $350-per-month salary was the highest on the Hamilton club.

36 Per International Association batting statistics published in the 1888 Reach Official American Association Guide, 71. Those stats do not indicate how many of McQuery’s 168 “hits” were actually walks. Baseball-Reference provides no data for McQuery’s 1887 season.

37 1888 Reach Guide, 75.  

38 As reported in “The International League for 1888,” the Monmouth Inquirer (Freehold, New Jersey), October 6, 1887: 4; “In the Diamond Field,” Chester (Pennsylvania) Times, October 3, 1887: 4.

39 “Baseball,” Hamilton (Ontario) Spectator, April 11, 1888: 4.

40 “Gossip of the Diamond,” Hamilton Spectator, May 18, 1888: 4.

41 Per “The Season on the Diamond,” Wilkes-Barre Sunday Morning Leader, April 1, 1888: 6.

42 As reflected in IA fielding stats published in the 1889 Reach Official American Association Guide, 56.

43 “Rays from Syracuse,” Sporting Life, March 27, 1889: 1. See also Ren Mulford, Jr., “Cincinnati Chips,” Sporting Life, March 13, 1889: 3: “‘Mox’ McQuery has been buying more property in Covington.”

44 Per International Association fielding stats published in the 1890 Reach Official American Association Guide, 66.

45 The defending American Association champion Brooklyn Bridegrooms and the Cincinnati Reds joined the National League for the 1890 season. Meanwhile, the Baltimore Orioles and Kansas City Cowboys self-demoted themselves to minor-league circuits.

46 In December 1890, the Syracuse Stars relinquished membership in the American Association in return for a $7,000 payout. David Nemec, The Beer and Whisky League: The Illustrated History of the American Association – Baseball’s Renegade Major League (New York: Burford & Lyon, 1994), 220-221.

47 Per “Around the Bases,” Boston Herald, November 10, 1890: 3. In certain quarters, the Stars were suspected of releasing McQuery and the others to avoid a scheduled November 15 player payday. See “Notes of the Diamond Field,” Philadelphia Inquirer, November 10, 1890: 3.

48 McQuery’s signing with the new Washington club was reported in “Notes of the Diamond,” New York Herald, February 13, 1891: 9; “Why Trott Is Happy,” Washington Evening Star, February 9, 1891: 4; and elsewhere.

49 See “Catcher Lohman Released,” Washington Sunday Herald, July 26, 1891: 8: “On Monday, Max McQuery will receive his ticket of leave.”

50 Major League Player Profiles, 402.

51 As reported in “Baseball Notes,” Washington Sunday Herald, August 9, 1891: 8; “World of Sports,” Waterbury (Connecticut) Evening Democrat, August 3, 1891: 4; and elsewhere.

52 Per “Base Ball Notes,” Boston Globe, August 31, 1891: 5.

53 The Players League had discontinued play after the 1890 season.

54 Per “Evansville Signs Players,” Chicago Inter Ocean, May 17, 1892: 6. Evansville was one of two Indiana clubs in the Illinois-Iowa League.

55 “They Lost in the Tenth,” Evansville Courier, May 26, 1892: 1.

56 “Notes,” Evansville Journal, May 8, 1892: 9.

57 The McQuery signing with Marinette was reported in the Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Daily Northwestern, August 5, 1892: 1.

58 Marinette’s release of McQuery was reported in “Sporting Notes,” the Green Bay (Wisconsin) Daily State Gazette, August 18, 1892: 3.

59 “Signs of Sweet Springtime,” Omaha Daily Bee, February 11, 1894: 16.

60 Per “Revolutionized,” Cincinnati Enquirer, September 19, 1894: 5.

61 McQuery’s appointment to the Covington Police Department was reported in “Baseball Gossip,” Cincinnati Enquirer, May 6, 1896: 2.

62 Proia, “The Day Mox McQuery Met Wallace Bishop,” 14.

63 Arrests made by McQuery were occasionally reported in the 1896-1900 Cincinnati Enquirer and (Covington) Kentucky Post.

64 See again the accounts cited in Note 1.

65 In addition to the modern sources noted previously, the instant account of the fatal shooting of Patrolman McQuery was crafted from the contemporaneous reportage of the Cincinnati Enquirer and Louisville Courier-Journal.

66 McQuery’s assailants were captured, tried for murder, and convicted. Sentenced to life imprisonment after a retrial, Bishop was fatally wounded during a prison escape try in August 1902. Meanwhile, codefendant Mulligan was declared insane and was transferred to a mental asylum eight years into his confinement.

67 Per “Sorrow,” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 16, 1900: 8. See also, “Funeral,” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 14, 1900: 12.