Carl Druhot

When he arrived upon the major league scene in early 1906, the attribute of left-handed pitcher Carl Druhot that most intrigued big city sportswriters was his diminutive size. Press reports and game accounts so regularly identified him as “Little Druhot” that baseball fans might well have supposed that the descriptive was the newcomer’s first name. Officially listed as 5-feet-7 and 150 pounds but likely smaller,1 Druhot pitched effectively, occasionally brilliantly, during the first three months of his rookie season. Then in mid-July, he suffered in-game trauma to his throwing arm – variously described as a strained tendon2 or a torn ligament3 – that brought his season to an abrupt halt. Relegated to the bushes after a single ineffective major league appearance in 1907, Druhot soldiered on for another decade, often as a singles-hitting outfielder. He remained active on the semipro scene until the effects of a head injury sustained in a workplace accident slowly led to his demise in February 1918. A fuller look at his life and baseball career follows.

Carl A. Druhot was born on September 4, 1881, in Archbold, Ohio, a railroad whistlestop located near the Indiana border. He was the youngest of eight children4 born to brickmaker-turned-saloonkeeper Felix Druhot5 (1843-1886) and his wife Alice (née Eggerman, 1850-1917), Ohio natives of French and Swiss descent, respectively.

When young Carl was still in short pants, his father died. Shortly thereafter, the Druhot family relocated cross-country to Portland, Oregon, where they settled into the central-city neighborhood of Goose Hollow. Collie,6 as he was known to family and friends, attended school through entrance into Portland High School and would call the City of Roses home for the remainder of his life.

Our subject was not the only athlete in the family. Brother Arnold Druhot was a gymnast and trackman of local repute7 while Felix Druhot, an infielder, often joined his youngest sibling on city baseball nines.8 Although he began pitching while still in his early teens,9 Collie Druhot first attracted attention as a 130-pound fullback playing for “the Orient football club of 1899-1900, which was one of the strongest independent teams in Portland during that time … [going] through two seasons with but one defeat.”10 He was also a lightweight amateur boxer of some note.11 By 1903, however, Collie was devoting most of his recreational time to baseball, pitching and playing outfield for various amateur clubs in the greater Portland area.12 Meanwhile, he earned a living by working as a deckhand for OR&N Company, a local shipping concern.13

Druhot entered the ranks of professional baseball that winter, signing with the hometown Portland Browns of the Class A Pacific Coast League.14 Not blessed with an overpowering fastball, the undersized southpaw relied on good location of a variety of curves and an occasional spitball, changing speeds, and a deceptive pitching delivery to keep opposition batsmen at bay. A natural athlete and a decent lefty batter, the 22-year-old Druhot increased his roster value by doubling as a reserve flycatcher. On April 7, 1904, he made an impressive pro debut, throwing three scoreless innings of relief in a 4-0 loss to Oakland. Days later, Druhot had to settle for a complete-game no-decision when a Portland error delivered the ninth-inning run that rendered another contest against Oakland a 2-2 stalemate. The following week, Collie registered his first victory, a three-hit/six-strikeout 1-0 shutout of the San Francisco Seals. Unhappily, that win proved his last, as Druhot proceeded to drop 11 consecutive decisions, precipitating his release by Portland in mid-June.

Before the month was out, Portland re-signed Druhot, but as an outfield prospect. In the estimation of club owner/manager Dan Dugdale, the youngster was “a corking good outfielder … He has a great throwing arm, and with a schooling at the bat, he should make good.”15 For the time being, however, Druhot would not receive his training in a Browns uniform. Instead, he completed the 1904 season playing for various Oregon independent and semipro clubs, remaining Portland property all the while.

Collie resumed pitching when Dugdale optioned him to the Bellingham (Washington) Yankees of the newly formed Class B Northwestern League for the 1905 campaign. The results: a league-leading 18 victories.16 He also saw duty in left field, batting a respectable, if powerless, .276 in 59 games.17 Such performance did not escape the notice of major league clubs. That August, favorable reports on Druhot by Cincinnati Reds backup catcher/talent scout Cliff Blankenship prompted the club to dispatch the venerable Ted Sullivan to the West Coast to look the prospect over.18 Sullivan was also impressed, declaring that he had “seen no hurler in the Pacific Coast who shows up better” than Druhot.19 He promptly signed “the little southpaw” to a Cincinnati contract.20 Thereafter, Druhot was added to the Reds’ reserve list for the 1906 season.21

Positional versatility enabled Carl Druhot to make Cincinnati’s Opening Day roster, and his major league debut against the Pittsburgh Pirates on April 18 verged on spectacular. Summoned by manager Ned Hanlon to relieve a wild and ineffective Orvie Overall with the Reds trailing 3-1 at the end of one inning, “little Druhot was a perfect obstacle to the Pirates at all stages.”22 Over the ensuing eight frames, he held Pittsburgh to only one run on four hits and emerged the victor when the Reds rallied for a 7-4 triumph. He was far less effective the next two times out, being driven from the box in losing starts against St. Louis. But “the wee mite” regained form on May 1 with a route-going 8-3 win over Pittsburgh. Druhot shackled Pirates star Honus Wagner and chipped in on offense himself, slapping two singles and scoring twice. The following morning, a hyperbolic Cincinnati Post sub-headline informed readers that “Druhot, the Tiniest of Tiny Twirlers, Proves Svengali and Wagner Smites the Air and Does Other Hypnotic Stunts with Midget Carl’s Curves.”23

Notwithstanding such extravagant praise, less than a week later the pitching-poor Reds traded Druhot (2-2, 4.32 ERA) to the St. Louis Cardinals, a National League rival with even more desperate hurling needs.24

In his maiden effort with St. Louis, Druhot pitched well but lost a 13-inning pitching duel to Jack Pfiester and the Chicago Cubs, 2-1. That effort, however, did not dispel skepticism in the hometown press box. J.B. Sheridan of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that “Druhot seems too slight to be dependable, but he has a fine slow ball and a puzzling delivery.”25 Days later, another fine effort resulted in another overtime loss, Druhot dropping a 3-1 decision to Boston in 12 innings. He then recaptured success, reeling off three complete-game victories, an achievement that generated no more than an offhand compliment from the St. Louis press. “Druhot is pitching fine ball. He does not seem to have much beyond a deceiving delivery, but they cannot hit him,” allowed the Post-Dispatch after Druhot posted a six-hit triumph over the New York Giants.26

Our subject reserved the masterpiece of his brief major league career for his erstwhile employer. In the second game of a June 3 doubleheader against the Cincinnati Reds, only a single by reigning NL batting champion Cy Seymour prevented Druhot from registering a seven-inning no-hitter.27 As it was, he settled for a 3-0 shutout victory. Afterwards, esteemed Cincinnati sportswriter Jack Ryder declared: “Little Druhot is certainly no false alarm. He has pitched great ball in every game since joining the Cardinals, and has been defeated only when there was a great dearth of hitting behind him.”28

Thereafter, Druhot received decent offensive support and pitched well in spots but nevertheless suffered five consecutive defeats. He finally got back in the win column on July 5, throwing eight innings of scoreless two-hit relief in a 4-3 victory over Cincinnati. Six days later, “Druhot was steady and calm and showed admirable courage in the pinches” during a route-going 6-2 triumph over Philadelphia.29

Oa July 15, his Cardinals’ record stood at a respectable 6-7 (.462) for a last-place (31-50, .383) St. Louis club, when Druhot took the mound at Robison Field for a home game against the Giants. With the score knotted at 3-3 in the top of the ninth, he “twisted a cord in sending in an inshoot with two men on base”30 and was immediately relieved by Fred Beebe. A four-run New York rally spelled defeat for St. Louis.31 Of far more concern to club brass, though, was the extent of the injury suffered by the team’s most effective pitcher. At first, it was hoped that Druhot would only be sidelined for a week to 10 days.32 But soon thereafter it was reported that the little southpaw had “injured his pitching arm so severely” that it had been placed in a plaster cast, forcing him to “retire from the game for the balance of the season.”33

Druhot put a brave face on his condition, telling reporters in late August that “my arm is coming around slowly … and I expect to be able to go away with the team when it departs for Chicago to begin the final trip of the season.”34 As it turned out, however, the southpaw was left behind and did not make another pitching appearance that season. Indeed, unbeknownst to Carl Druhot, he had only a single 1907 game left in his major league future.

During the off-season, Druhot married 20-year-old Alta Buckner in Weber, Utah. The couple subsequently took up residence in Portland, where son Carl Howard was born in November 1907. But the union was evidently short-lived, as the 1910 US Census lists Carl A. Druhot’s marital status as single and has him living with his brothers Eddie and Felix at their mother’s home. No further trace of wife Alta Buckner Druhot and/or son Carl Howard Druhot was uncovered by the writer.

Meanwhile, back on the baseball scene, the St. Louis Cardinals remained strapped for pitching and thus heavily invested in hopes for Druhot’s recovery. At the 1906 season’s end, the club placed him on the reserve list for the coming year35 and upped his salary to $450/month.36 As 1907 spring training approached, Carl declared, “I will open the eyes of those Eastern guys this year. I weigh 150 pounds and never felt better in my life.”37 He also reportedly grew an inch in height over the winter.38 Regarding conditioning, Druhot expressed disdain for the training regimen that had been imposed upon him the previous spring by Cincinnati manager Hanlon. “He would have me qualified for the paperweight class before the season opens,” Druhot complained. “[Hanlon] ran so much meat off me last year I had to lean against my shadow to stand up.”39

Druhot “did fairly well” in his first spring camp pitching appearance, being touched for three runs during a four-inning stint against the Cardinals scrubs.40 A week later, he showed better in an exhibition game outing against the St. Louis Browns. Thereafter, he played an errorless game as a left-handed second baseman and smacked an RBI double in another spring contest against the Browns. With Druhot’s salary wing seemingly rounded back into shape, Cardinals manager John McCloskey concentrated his attention on smoothing out the left-hander’s “knot-tying” pitching motion.41

The 1907 regular season was already more than a week old when Druhot got to test his arm under true game conditions. The results were not promising. Given an April 22 start against Pittsburgh, the little lefty walked three of the first four Pirate batsmen whom he faced and then forced in a run via a hit batter. An error and a Buc base hit plated two more runs. A Honus Wagner single ignited another Pittsburgh rally in the third inning, and by the time that the score reached 5-0, manager McCloskey had seen enough and went to the bullpen. In two-plus innings worked in an eventual 8-2 loss, Druhot allowed more Pirates to reach base (10) than he got out (six).

Although McCloskey was a Druhot booster – the previous summer he had called the then-disabled pitcher “the best little left-hander in the business”42 – the Cards skipper was not disposed to give him a second chance. At least not immediately. After three weeks of inactivity, Druhot was shipped to the Altoona (Pennsylvania) Mountaineers of the Class B Tri-State League.43 At the time, however, it was widely suspected that McCloskey had arranged for Druhot to stay with Altoona only “until his pitching arm regains its strength. Then Druhot will be recalled [by St. Louis] and given his regular turn on the slab.”44 But as it turned out, that never happened. The major league career of Carl Druhot was over at age 26.

In 20 big leagues games, Druhot had posted an 8-10 (.444) record. Although inflated by a dismal final career start, his 3.08 ERA in 157 2/3 innings pitched was respectable, as was his .247 Opponents Batting Average. His 60 strikeouts/57 walks differential, however, was substandard. Druhot’s hitting was likewise mixed: his .231 BA in 65 at-bats was acceptable for a pitcher, but with utterly no power (one double, two RBIs). As might be expected of a hurler athletic enough to play outfield in the minors, Druhot was an adept fielder, committing only one error in 50 chances while on the mound.

In the Tri-State League, Druhot bounced around Pennsylvania, going from the Altoona Mountaineers to the Reading Pretzels to the York White Roses and back again during the 1907 season. Pitching for those three clubs, he posted a combined 3-9 (.250) record in 19 games. In 24 other contests, he saw action in the outfield, batting .231 (27-for-114), with his first professional home run counted among a meager four total extra-base hits.45 At season’s end, Druhot received his unconditional release from Altoona.46 He then returned home, where he reverted to being called Collie and made an ineffective late-September pitching appearance (four hits and six runs in two innings) for the PCL Portland Beavers.

Despite poor performance at the mid-tier minor league level, the memory of his excellent work for the 1906 St. Louis Cardinals landed Druhot a contact with a top-notch Class A American Association club: the Indianapolis Indians.47 However, Rube Marquard (28-19), Walt Slagle (20-14), and Ed Siever (13-7) gobbled up the great bulk of the innings for the pennant-winning (92-61, .601) Indians. Druhot was limited to spot starts and mop-up relief work. Still, he managed to contribute several low-hit complete-game wins over the Minneapolis Millers and posted a useful 6-6 log in 26 appearances in all. In fact, one news outlet speculated that with his “arm seemingly well, Druhot might have journeyed to the majors again” had he not been stricken with a mid-season bout of malaria.48 But in reality, Collie’s days as a big league prospect were well behind him, and his career soon began swiftly spiraling downward.

During the offseason, Indianapolis released Druhot to the Wheeling Stogies of the Class B Central League.49 But the pitcher adamantly refused to report,50 choosing instead to remain home, where he hoped for a West Coast job offer. In response, Wheeling placed Druhot on the ineligible list.51 This confined his 1909 season to a handful of outings in the outlaw California State League. He also got into four late-season games with the Portland Beavers before John H. Farrell, secretary of the minor leagues, ordered the club to drop him.52

Collie Druhot was absent from Organized Baseball in 1910, playing instead for the West Portland club in Oregon’s semipro Tri-Cities League. He also pitched and manned field positions for other semipro and municipal nines. By now, however, he was earning his living mainly as a roofer, not as a professional baseball player.

In January 1911, the Wheeling Stogies reinstated Druhot, if only to sell his contract to the Butte Miners of the newly organized Class D Union Association.53 With his friend and former Cardinals mentor John McCloskey running the Butte club, the transaction was agreeable to Druhot (by then 29). He dutifully headed for Montana, where he proceeded to post a 15-12 (.556) record for the third-place (77-60, .562) Miners. Along the way he whiffed 14 Missoula batters on May 13, 1911,54 setting a single-game Union Association strikeout record that lasted the duration of the circuit’s four-season existence.55 But Druhot’s primary position was the Miners outfield, where he made 69 appearances and batted .277 in 98 games, overall.

Druhot returned to Butte in 1912, but was released in early July and finished the season with (83-51, .619) league champion Missoula, managed by the same Cliff Blankenship who had recommended Druhot’s signing by Cincinnati seven years earlier.56 For the season, Collie batted a robust .348, with 13 extra-base hits in 55 games, combined.57 He re-signed with Missoula for the following season, but had the unhappy distinction of being the first player cut in spring camp.58 Druhot thereupon returned home to Portland, his time in Organized Baseball having come to its end.

For the next several summers, Collie spent weekends playing ball for assorted semipro clubs in and about Portland while supporting himself via employment by the Moore-Meagher Company, a local roofing and ventilation business.59 In 1917, he took a new job as a steamfitter at the Northwestern Steel Company shipyard in Portland.60 Perhaps not coincidentally, he was also appointed playing captain of Northwestern Steel’s baseball team in the region’s Inter-City League.61 Nevertheless, ensuing events demonstrate that Druhot was a bona fide shipyard plant worker.

The circumstances attending the death of Collie Druhot were only sketchily reported in the press. But it appears that on or about January 30, 1918, there was an explosion at the Northwestern Steel plant that caused Druhot a head injury. At first, “the injury was not thought to be serious.”62 But over time, his condition deteriorated, and he died at Portland’s Good Samaritan Hospital on the evening of February 5. Mortuary notices published in the local press cited hydrocephalus, the buildup of fluid in the brain, as the cause of death.63 Carl A. “Collie” Druhot was 36. Following funeral services, the deceased was interred in Mount Scott Park Cemetery, Portland. With his parents and five siblings having died before him and the whereabouts of his wife and son unknown, the only identified survivors were brothers Edward and Felix Druhot.

Acknowledgments

This story was reviewed by Terry Bohn and Rory Costello and fact-checked by Kevin Larkin.

Sources

The most helpful source of biographical info on Carl Druhot is the application form submitted in support of placement of the Druhot family residence in Portland on the National Register of Historic Places. Info was also gleaned from US Census data accessed via Ancestry.com and from certain of the newspaper articles cited in the endnotes. Unless otherwise specified, stats were taken from Baseball-Reference.

Notes

1 According to one report, Druhot “was probably the smallest pitcher in the game,” (“Elliott and Druhot Join Battery Men,” Indianapolis News, March 17, 1908: 10), while a widely published news article placed Druhot’s weight at 135 pounds. See “Pitcher with ‘Knot’ Tying Habit Will Be Reformed,” Atlanta Journal, April 8, 1907: 14; “Druhot’s Knot-Tying Habit,” Decatur (Illinois) Herald, April 5, 1907: 3.

2 See e.g., “St. Louis Leaves Ex-Red Cripples Behind,” (Covington) Kentucky Post, July 16, 1906: 6.

3 See e.g., “Should Bunt Hit Be Eliminated,” (Springfield) Illinois Journal, August 12, 1906: 14.

4 Carl’s siblings were Ruben (born 1868), Arnold (1870), Ada (1872), Edward (1874), Harvey (1875), Ervin (1877), and Felix (1879). The most enlightening source of information on the Druhot family is the application form submitted for placement of their Portland home on the national registry of historic places, viewable at npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/ GetAsset/ NPHP/8800079_text.

5 No evidence has surfaced as to how the family name was pronounced in the U.S.

6 Also spelled Colly in contemporaneous newsprint. The origin of the nickname was undiscovered by the writer. Druhot’s proper first name (Carl) appeared in West Coast reportage only occasionally.

7 See e.g., “Spring Field Day,” (Portland) Sunday Oregonian, May 29, 1893: 3. See also, “The Turner’s Team,” (Portland) Morning Oregonian, July 12, 1893: 6, observing that “A. Druhot … for his size and weight is a small wonder. His specialty is the horizontal bar.”

8 See e.g., “Portland Nine Won,” Morning Oregonian, October 3, 1901: 3; “West Ends Shut Out,” Morning Oregonian, September 2, 1901: 3.

9 See “Local Amateur Games,” Sunday Oregonian, May 6, 1894: 13.

10 As noted in an article with team photo published shortly after Druhot’s death by the (Portland) Oregon Journal, February 17, 1918: 22. See also, “Four Ages of Stott’s Life in Football,” Oregon Journal, January 11, 1914: 15, which stated that Collie Druhot played football while attending Portland High School.

11 See e.g., “Boxing Contest in Marshfield,” Morning Oregonian, November 2, 1903: 5; “Neill Wins on Foul,” Morning Oregonian, January 24, 1902: 10. Older brother Felix served as Druhot’s manager and cornerman.

12 See e.g., “Jack Tars to Play Ball,” Oregon Journal, September 3, 1903: 5; “Salem Wins from Roseburg,” Sunday Oregonian, July 5, 1903: 15.

13 Per the 1901 Portland City Directory.

14 As reported in “Pacific Coast Baseball Gossip,” Oregon Journal, December 19, 1903: 5; “Druhot Signed by Ely,” Oregon Journal, December 16, 1903: 9.

15 “Druhot Signed Again,” Morning Oregonian, June 28, 1904: 9. See also, “Manager Dugdale Has Re-signed Druhot,” (Bakersfield, California) Morning Echo, June 30, 1904: 7.

16 Per The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball, Lloyd Johnson and Miles Wolff, eds. (Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 3d ed., 2007), 198. Hick Bell of the NWL Everett (Washington) Smokestackers also recorded 18 wins.

17 Only five of Druhot’s 61 hits went for extra bases.

18 As reported in Sporting Life, September 16 and August 19, 1905.

19 “National League News,” Sporting Life, September 30, 1905: 9.

20 Per “Extracts from the Dope Sheet,” Vancouver (British Columbia) World, August 29, 1905: 7. The Druhot signing was subsequently noted in “Gossip and Philosophy Among the Sporting Fraternity,” Tacoma (Washington) News, November 18, 1905: 7; “News Notes,” Sporting Life, September 16, 1905: 21; and elsewhere.

21 As reported in “Teams Hold Players,” Pittsburg Post, September 23, 1905: 8; “League Reserve List,” Brooklyn Eagle, September 22, 1905: 12; and elsewhere.

22 Jack Ryder, “Midget,” Cincinnati Enquirer, April 19, 1906: 5.

23 Cincinnati Post, May 2, 1906: 6. Wagner went 0-for-4, with a strikeout. A few months later, Druhot brashly declared that Wagner “was just as easy as any other batsman. … I’ve been up against him lots of times now, and I’ve come out of every game best, so far as he is concerned.” See “Wagner Not So Hot,” Seattle Times, July 29, 1906: 18.

24 In return for Druhot, the Reds received minor league catcher Oscar Stanage. Stanage made only one game appearance for Cincinnati but later went on to have a solid career at backstop for the Detroit Tigers.

25 J.B. Sheridan, “The Sportsman’s Niche,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 10, 1906: 18.

26 “Baseball Babble,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 26, 1906: 6.

27 As was often the case on getaway day, the shortening of the second game of the doubleheader was prearranged.

28 Jack Ryder, “Doubleheader Briefs,” Cincinnati Enquirer, June 4, 1906: 3.

29 “Hard Hitting in Fifth Gives Cardinals Victory Over Quakers,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, July 12, 1906: 13.

30 “Champions Win in the Ninth,” New York Sun, July 16, 1906: 6.

31 Although the Giants baserunner who tallied the tie-breaking run was Druhot’s responsibility, the official scorer charged the loss to ineffective reliever Beebe.

32 See “Baseball Briefs,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, July 18, 1906: 11; “Carl Druhot Hurts His Arm,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, July 16, 1906: 10.

33 “For Busy Men,” (Vancouver, British Columbia) Province, July 30, 1906: 13.

34 “McCloskey Scours Country for Players,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 20, 1906: 6.

35 See “Reservations Made by National League,” Muncie (Illinois) Press, September 29, 1906: 2.

36 Per “Gossip about the Players,” Seattle Times, February 26, 1907: 11.

37 Same as above. See also, “Baseball: Druhot Gets Big Money,” (Vancouver, British Columbia) News-Advertiser, March 2, 1907: 4

38 Per “Baseball Notes,” Pittsburg Press, March 24, 1907: 20.

39 “Gossip about the Players,” above.

40 “Cardinals Vets Beat Colts in Contest,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 11, 1907: 6.

41 See “Knot Tying Habit to End,” (Oklahoma City) Oklahoma News, March 30, 1907: 3; “Breaking Pitchers of a Bad Habit,” Grand Rapids (Michigan) Press, March 27, 1907: 7.

42 “Sporting Gossip,” Oregon Journal, August 19, 1906: 11.

43 As reported in “Druhot Goes to Altoona,” Pittsburg Press, May 14, 1907: 19; “Shields Traded for Carl Druhot,” Altoona (Pennsylvania) Times, May 13, 1907: 11.; and elsewhere. In return for Druhot, the Cardinals received journeyman left-hander Charlie Shields who notched an 0-2 record for St. Louis and was then released.

44 See e.g., “Paid $5,000 for Jake Stahl,” Washington (DC) Post, May 14, 1907: 8.

45 Per Tri-State League stats published in the Altoona (Pennsylvania) Tribune, December 9, 1907: 10, and the 1908 Reach Official Base Ball Guide, 179. Baseball-Reference provides no specific Tri-State League data for Druhot.

46 Per “Double Header Briefs,” Cincinnati Enquirer, September 9, 1907: 3.

47 As reported in “Druhot to Join Indians,” Columbus Dispatch, March 12, 1908: 13; “Druhot Is Signed by Manager Carr,” Indianapolis Star, March 11, 1908: 8; and elsewhere.

48 See “Marquard a Star, Says Colly Druhot,” Vancouver World, September 16, 1908: 14.

49 As reported in “Stogieville Gets Druhot from Indians,” Evansville (Indiana) Journal-News, March 6, 1909: 3; “Wheeling Annexes Druhot for Mound,” Indianapolis Star, March 4, 1909: 8; and elsewhere.

50 Per “In the Central,” Evansville Journal-News, April 8, 1909: 8; “Notes of Sportsville,” Eugene (Oregon) Guard, March 9, 1909: 2; “Expects Trouble with Druhot,” Indianapolis News, March 9, 1909: 10. Fear of recurrence of his malaria was cited by Druhot as the reason for his staying home. The $200/month Central League player salary cap may also have colored Druhot’s thinking.

51 As reflected in Druhot’s TSN salary history card. See also, “Gossip of the Training Camp,” Oregon Journal, March 31, 1911: 15.

52 As recounted in “News Notes,” Sporting Life, February 2, 1910: 15; “Big Leaguer,” Fort Wayne (Indiana) News, January 30, 1910: 3. Druhot went 0-2 during his brief time in 1909 Portland livery.

53 Per “Monty Starts Cutting Down,” Fort Wayne News, March 30, 1911: 3, and Druhot’s TSN salary history card.

54 As reflected in the box scores published in the Anaconda (Montana) Standard, May 14, 1911: 14, and other newspapers covering the Union Association. Butte won the game, 16-5.

55 See “Druhot Still Holds Union Strikeout Record,” Salt Lake Telegram, July 4, 1914: 8

56 See “Pickups,” Anaconda Standard, July 8, 1912: 8; “Collie Druhot,” (Missoula, Montana) Missoulian, August 11, 1912: 9.

57 Per 1912 Union Association stats published in Sporting Life, November 30, 1912: 15.

58 Per “Diamond Dust,” Salt Lake Telegram, March 17, 1913: 10; “Blank Signs One and Releases Another,” Missoulian, March 12, 1913: 9.

59 As reflected in the 1915 Portland City Directory.

60 See “Baseball Notes,” Oregon Journal, May 15, 1917: 11.

61 As reported in the (Portland) Oregonian, July 5, 1917: 17.

62 “‘Colly’ Goes to the Big Diamond,” Spokane (Washington) Chronicle, February 8, 1918: 20.

63 See “Deaths and Funerals,” Oregon Journal, February 9, 1918: 11; “Funeral Notices,” Oregonian, February 7, 1918: 18.