Hinkey Haines

Only one man has played on a team that won major league baseball’s World Series and also on a team that won the championship of the National Football League. That man is Hinkey Haines.

Haines’ baseball career, though modest, included being part of several memorable moments. His football career led to a great deal of individual acclaim at the time, but these achievements may be less well known today. For that reason, this biography, though baseball-driven, will not ignore his considerable gridiron accomplishments.

Henry Luther Haines was born in Red Lion, a small town near York in south central Pennsylvania, on December 23, 1898. He was the oldest of five children born to Harry and Cora Ness Haines. Both sides of his family had lived in the area for several generations. His father Harry, a well-known local ballplayer, attracted the attention of John McGraw, who offered Harry a contract with the Baltimore Orioles.1 As a young man with a family, Harry instead opted for the steadier work in the cigar industry that flourished in Red Lion at that time. Harry worked his way up to a position of factory ownership and became a town leader, serving as chief burgess, or mayor, during most of the 1920s. He was then elected to the House of Representatives in Washington, DC, where he served five terms as a US congressman from 1931-1939 and 1941-1943.

Haines grew up in Red Lion, played on the town baseball team with his father, and was one of 13 members of the Red Lion High School graduating class of 1916.2 After his high school graduation, to ensure his readiness for college, Haines attended a preparatory school where his classmates gave him the nonsensical nickname “Hinkey,” which stuck with him for the rest of his life.3

In fall 1916, Haines entered Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pennsylvania. He was president of the freshman class, sang tenor in the men’s glee club, played the piano for one of the campus literary societies, and participated in football, basketball, baseball, and track. Commenting on his baseball abilities, the college yearbook stated, “He is a Big League player in the making, and in the near future some manager will be after his signature to a contract.”4

Haines spent two years at Lebanon Valley College, then left school to enter the army during World War I. The war ended before he could be sent overseas, and upon his discharge as a second lieutenant, he enrolled at Pennsylvania State College in the town of State College. He spent two years at Penn State, graduating in 1921 with a degree in commerce and finance.5

During his two years at Penn State, Haines earned two varsity letters each in football, basketball, and baseball.6 Reportedly, he could also have lettered in track, as he could beat all the Penn State sprinters, but football/baseball coach Hugo Bezdek would not allow him to formally compete in the track meets.7 Clearly, Haines was an excellent athlete. He was 5-foot-10, 170 pounds, and very fast.

While at Penn State, Haines found time to keep up his piano skills. One of the student managers of the football team organized a group that played at area social events. Though not a regular member of the group, Haines was sometimes called in as a substitute pianist.8 The name of that student manager was Fred Waring, who went on to a long career as a musician and entertainer. Haines, meanwhile, garnered national attention in football and baseball.

With Haines in the backfield, Penn State lost only one football game in two years. In 1920, Haines was selected as a third-team Walter Camp All-American,9 and the yearbook reported that he was “mentioned quite frequently on the various teams that were selected by some of the other authorities.”10

In baseball, Haines played the outfield, and batted over .400 his senior year.11 He served as captain of that 1921 team that won its first 20 games and, coupled with the season-ending 10-game winning streak from the previous year, set a record in college baseball for consecutive victories.12 Late in the 1921 season, it came to light that Haines, in 1918 and 1919, had played professional baseball for the Hagerstown (Maryland) Terriers in the Class D Blue Ridge League and for the Petersburg (Virginia) Goobers in the Class C Virginia League. Penn State officials reacted by immediately barring Haines from any athletic events, pending a further decision.13 Haines acknowledged his actions and, to spare Penn State any further embarrassment, voluntarily resigned from the baseball team.14 Nevertheless, the Penn State yearbook reported that after the season “three men from our team will be trying to secure berths on the New York American League team. (Glenn) Killinger, Haines and (Myles) Thomas will all be taken South for try-outs, and if they make good we may hear more about them later in the sporting world.”15

Unsure of his plans, Haines had turned down a contract offered by the Yankees in January 1921, but after school ended in June, the Yankees, represented by scout Paul Krichell, signed him, and he joined the big club for a brief stay. Then, at the request of manager Miller Huggins, Haines was sent for the summer to the Hartford (Connecticut) Senators of the Class A Eastern League.16 That fall, Haines worked as the backfield coach for the Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) College football team.

Haines was invited to New York’s 1922 spring training in New Orleans. The Yankees were looking for an outfielder, and it was reported that Huggins “just dotes on (Haines’) fielding and spends whole nights praying that the boy can hit.”17 Evidently Huggins’ prayers were not answered sufficiently and Haines was sent to the Jersey City (New Jersey) Skeeters of the Class AA International League. However, Jersey City, not wanting to pay his full salary and claiming he was “too temperamental,”18 returned him to the Yankees. The Yankees then sent him to the Reading (Pennsylvania) Aces, also of the International League, where he was managed by former pitching great Charles Bender. Haines hit a combined .317 on the year. Then, in fall 1922, he served as an assistant coach for Bezdek and the Penn State football squad.

During spring training with the Yankees in 1923, Huggins stated “Hinkey Haines ought to be a great outfielder and he is due this year if ever.”19 Observers noticed the “keen interest manifested by Manager Miller Huggins in Outfielder Hinkey Haines.”20 It was noted that “Haines, the dashing athlete of Penn State, has made a considerable hit with the Wee Pilot. He has speed and covers ground like the dew. The only question is whether or not he can hit the able young men who pitch major league baseball.”21

He must have shown some progress with the bat because, in 1923 Haines made the major league team. It was the only year he played in the major leagues, but it turned out to be a memorable one for several reasons. First, one of his teammates was Babe Ruth, already established as the biggest star and personality in the game.  Furthermore, the Yankees, who over the years have won far more World Series championships than any other team, won the World Series for the first time in 1923. And 1923 was also special because it was the first year the Yankees played in their newly constructed ballpark, Yankee Stadium. Haines was there on Opening Day, April 18, 1923, as Ruth homered to lead the Yankees to victory. Haines didn’t play in that first game but made his major league debut two days later on April 20, against the Red Sox. With the Yankees trailing 3-2 in the ninth inning, Haines entered the game as a pinch-runner and scored the tying run as Ruth hit a two-run double to win the game.

During the regular season, Haines played only sparingly. He was a reserve outfielder and, because of his speed (Babe Ruth said that Haines was as fast as any man in the league),22 he was used as a pinch-runner. Appearing in 28 games, Haines came to bat only 30 times, batting just .160 but scoring nine runs. Manager Huggins stated Haines was one of the best defensive outfielders in the American League.23 Some of his teammates thought he was a better defensive outfielder than Tris Speaker.24

The Yankees won the American League pennant and in the World Series were matched against the National League champion New York Giants. The Giants, led by their legendary manager John McGraw, had defeated the Yankees in the World Series the previous two years, but in 1923 the Yankees prevailed in six games.

Haines appeared in two of the games. In the third game, won by the Giants 1-0 on a home run by outfielder Casey Stengel, Haines entered the game for defensive purposes in the eighth inning, replacing Babe Ruth in right field as Ruth moved in to play first base. Haines played the final two innings and grounded out to third base in his only at bat. In the sixth and final game, the Giants led 4-1 when, with one out in the top of the eighth inning, the Yankees began their game-winning rally. Haines entered the game as a pinch-runner and as the inning progressed, the Yankees scored twice and had the bases loaded, with Haines at third representing the tying run. Due up next was Babe Ruth, who was having a good series, having already hit three home runs, including one earlier in this game. But with the bases loaded and the Yankees trailing by a run, Ruth struck out for the second out. However, the next batter, left fielder Bob Meusel, singled to center to score Haines with the tying run. The Yankees went on to score two more runs in the inning, taking a 6-4 lead. Haines stayed in the game, playing center field for the final two innings as the Yankees held on to win their first World Series championship.

Each member of the Yankees team received $6,143.49 as the winners’ share. To Haines, whose contract called for $500 each month of the season,25 this was a considerable bonus. To put these numbers in perspective, the average working man in 1923 made around $1,400 a year.26  Haines used part of his winnings to help his parents enlarge their home in Red Lion.27

That was the end of Haines’ major league baseball career. The Yankees were still looking for an outfielder in 1924, and in spring training there were still hopes that Haines would fill the bill. Former major-league player and manager Fred Clarke worked with Haines on his hitting and manager Huggins had him experimenting as a switch-hitter. However, Haines did not develop as hoped, and he spent the summer playing  Class AA ball for the Louisville Colonels (managed by future major league manager Joe McCarthy) in the American Association. The Yankees found their outfielder in Earle Combs, and it became clear that Haines no longer figured prominently in their plans. Haines spent the summer of 1925 with the Rochester Tribe (managed by Miracle Man George Stallings) in the International League.

Haines never mastered major league pitching – he always felt the Yankees’ tinkering with his hitting did more harm than good – but he put up decent numbers during his years in the minor leagues. In 1927, playing for the York (Pennsylvania) White Roses in the Class B New York-Pennsylvania League, he hit .366, which rekindled his major league hopes. The Cleveland Indians showed some interest, especially when Haines offered to pay his own way to spring training in New Orleans. But Cleveland couldn’t come to terms for his release from York.28 York instead moved him to the Montreal Royals in the International League, where he played from 1928 through 1930 and was reunited with manager Stallings. Usually among the league leaders in stolen bases wherever he played, Haines twice led the International League in thefts.29

Over the years, Haines retired from baseball several times to pursue business interests (cigars, automobiles, insurance), but he always came back to the diamond. Even after missing the whole season in 1931, Haines came back to finish his career playing in the New York-Pennsylvania League (which became Class A in 1933) for Scranton, Williamsport, Harrisburg, and Wilkes-Barre from 1932 to 1934. Though no longer a rising prospect, in 1932 Haines led the league in stolen bases, and in 1933 he tied the league record for walks in a season with 101.

One game worth mentioning occurred in August 1932 when he was playing for the Scranton Miners. The New York Yankees, on their way to another World Series crown, stopped by Scranton to play an exhibition game against the Miners, who were led by 41-year-old player-manager (and former Yankee) Bob Shawkey. Haines led off the Miners’ first inning with a double, advanced to third on a fly out, then scored on a close play on another fly out. Shawkey and the Scranton bullpen made the run stand up for a 1-0 victory over the soon-to-be world champion Yankees.30 It was the highlight of the season for the Scranton team.

After his graduation from Penn State, Haines spent his summers playing professional baseball, but when fall rolled around, he was getting paid to play football. He began playing professionally in 1921 for various teams in eastern Pennsylvania, hired on a game-by-game basis. When the New York Giants football team was admitted to the National Football League in 1925, they signed Haines, “a dangerous runner and agile receiver.”31 He was one of two players making $4,000, the highest salary on the team.32  One of his teammates on the Giants that year was 38-year-old Jim Thorpe, who was nearing the end of his legendary athletic exploits.

In an early-season victory over Cleveland, Haines scored the first two NFL touchdowns in New York Giants history. As the 1925 season progressed, Haines established himself as a premier player. Newspaper ads for the games often read, “Come see Hinkey Haines and his New York Football Giants.”33 At the end of the season, the New York fans selected Haines as their favorite Giants player.34 

In 1926, Haines was named second-team All-NFL. Alluding to Haines’ astute play calling, a New York sportswriter, in the reporting style of the day, wrote this poem:

“Oh Hinkey Haines, oh Hinkey Haines!
The New York Giants’ football brains.
He never loses, always gains.
Oh Hinkey Haines, oh Hinkey Haines!”35

On November 12, 1926, Haines took part in a publicity stunt when he caught a pass thrown from the top of the newly constructed American Radiator Building on West 40th Street in New York City. Teammate Lynn Bomar stood on the roof of the 23-story building, 324 feet above ground level, and threw a football to Haines, who was waiting in Bryant Park across the street. It took five tries, but they got their completion.36

Late in the 1927 season, the Chicago Bears came into New York for a crucial game and dominated play early in the game, as they drove to the one-yard line. But the New York defense held, and the Giants took possession of the ball. Steve Owen, tackle and captain of the Giants, later recalled, “Haines called one of the smartest plays I’ve ever seen to win for us. He stage-managed it perfectly.”37 With the ball on their own one-yard line, the Giants lined up in punt formation. Chicago put nine men on the line to rush the punter and two men deep to receive the punt. Haines, lined up in the backfield, took note of the defensive alignment and conspicuously called to the punter, cautioning him not to step on the end line, as this would result in a safety and two points for the Bears. Haines then asked the officials for a towel to wipe off the ball, ostensibly to ensure the long hike to the punter could be handled cleanly. The Bears were completely fooled. Haines called the signals and when the ball was hiked, it went not to the punter, but to Haines, who threw a short pass, in the area the Bears had left unguarded, to Giants end Chuck Corgan, who ran for 59 yards before he was tackled. The surprise play interrupted the Bears’ momentum, and, given a reprieve, the Giants went on to a hard-fought 13-7 victory. Haines’ bold call from the one-yard line was cited as one of the keys to the win.38

The Giants still had two games remaining, both against the New York Football Yankees, who were led by the biggest star in the NFL, Red Grange. As usual, a crowd turned out to see Grange, but it was Haines who returned a first-quarter punt 75 yards for a touchdown,39 setting the tone for a 14-0 Giants victory. The next week, on a muddy field, the teams met again. Leading 7-0 in the fourth quarter, the Giants had the ball on their own 40-yard line. The ball was hiked to Haines, who fumbled – but after a scramble, Haines recovered the ball and turned a broken play into a brilliant 60-yard touchdown run, sealing the win and delivering the championship (awarded to the team with the best record) to the Giants.40 Tying for the league lead in touchdown receptions, Haines was again named second-team All-NFL.

On December 8, 1927, Haines was the guest of honor at a dinner held at the Hotel Astor on Times Square in New York City. More than 200 people attended, including many notables from the New York sports, entertainment, and business worlds.41  The cover for the program read, “Testimonial Dinner Tendered to Hinkey Haines of the New York Football Giants by his Friends.” The program also listed dozens of committee members for the gala event, including Waite Hoyt, Babe Ruth, Cal Hubbard, Red Grange, Gummo Marx, Joe Dugan, and Lou Gehrig.42 Haines’ friendship with Gehrig went back several years, as they were teammates briefly in 1923 when 20-year-old Gehrig played a few games for the Yankees, and they were roommates at the Yankees spring training camp in New Orleans in 1924.43

Haines intended to retire after the 1927 season, but the Giants coaxed him back to play nine games in 1928.44 Haines then retired from the Giants, but late in the 1929 season the owner of the Staten Island Stapletons convinced him to join the NFL team for their final four games.45 Haines was not involved in pro football in 1930, but in 1931 he was hired as head coach for the Staten Island team. After the team struggled early in the season, Haines felt it advisable to put himself in the lineup, even though he hadn’t played for almost two years. He was both player and coach for several games, then he resigned from the team.46 His record as an NFL coach was one win and three losses.

Haines spent six years in the NFL, including four stellar years with the Giants and parts of two years with Staten Island, scoring 22 touchdowns. After his playing days, Haines stayed involved with football by working as a referee in college and NFL games from 1934 to 1954.47 Steve Owen, the tackle and captain of the 1927 championship team, later became coach of the Giants, and in 1952, after being affiliated with the Giants for over 25 years as a player and coach, he picked his all-time Giants team. He named Haines to that team.48

Haines had a few more flings with major league baseball. On June 13, 1948, the Yankees honored Babe Ruth, whose health had been deteriorating, by retiring his uniform number during pre-game ceremonies at Yankee Stadium. Since it was the 25th anniversary of Yankee Stadium, members of the 1923 team, including Haines, were brought back to take part in the celebration. Ruth looked on as his former teammates played a two-inning exhibition game. Two months later Babe Ruth was dead from throat cancer at age 53.

Ruth and Haines had been good friends. The family told about the time Haines invited Ruth to dinner one Friday night at his parents’ home in Red Lion. Before he brought Ruth to Red Lion, Haines warned his sister Mary to stay away from him because Ruth was such a womanizer. Haines also cautioned his father, by now a leader at their church, to ignore Ruth’s language, as he would likely find it coarse and offensive. With those caveats in place, the evening went well, and Ruth wound up spending the night in Red Lion.49 Also, through his friendship with Haines, Ruth developed an interest in professional football and indicated to Haines that he would like to give it a try. Haines arranged for Ruth to get a helmet and uniform and brought him to one of the Giants’ practices. With his identity known only to Haines and the Giants’ coach, Ruth was, as far as the other players were concerned, just a new man trying out for the team. The coach put Ruth in at tackle, but the baseball great pulled himself out after two plays and told Haines that he’d thought it over and decided to stick with baseball.50

Then on April 15, 1976, Haines appeared as a guest once again at Yankee Stadium, which was reopening with great fanfare after having been closed for renovations. Haines was one of the six surviving members from the 1923 team who participated in the ceremonies.

On a personal level, Haines and his first wife Ruth divorced. Then in 1942 he married Wilma Schriener from Middletown, Pennsylvania. They settled in Penn Wynne, in suburban Philadelphia, and had one son, Henry Jr. Over the years, Haines kept busy with various jobs and business pursuits, including coaching, auto dealerships, and insurance agencies.51 After his playing days were over, his primary employer was the federal government. He worked in the IRS, the Office of Price Stabilization, and the Small Business Association until he retired in 1968.52 As a member of the Actors Equity Association, he appeared in television commercials53 and enjoyed performing in professional and community theater productions.54

Though not at all unhappy with where life had taken him, later in life Haines reflected on how his life might have been different. While at Penn State, he turned down a chance to try out as a sprinter for the 1920 US Olympic team, as the long boat ride to Antwerp, Belgium, had no appeal to him. Maybe he would have made the team, maybe not, but in retrospect he wished he had embraced the opportunity.55 And though grateful for his experience with the Yankees, both in terms of connections and money, he couldn’t help but wonder if his baseball career might have taken a different turn if he had signed with a team that offered a chance to play more regularly.56 Also, early in his NFL career, as the Giants were having a cash flow problem, the owner of the Giants offered Haines some team stock in lieu of a portion of his salary. “Smart businessman that I was,” he told his son, “I turned it down and took the cash.”57

His interest in pro sports diminished over the years, but he remained an avid follower of Penn State football.58 Hinkey Haines died from esophageal cancer59 on January 9, 1979, at Lankenau Hospital in Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania, at the age of 80, and was buried in Middletown, Pennsylvania.

Acknowledgments

This biography was reviewed by Darren Gibson and Bill Lamb and fact-checked by Larry DeFillipo.

Photo credit: Hinkey Haines, Library of Congress.

Sources

Unless otherwise noted, statistics are taken from Baseball-Reference.com and Pro-Football-Reference.com.

Information on Haines’ family background came from findagrave.com.

Several of Haines’ relatives graciously shared their memories and were important sources of information.

Two earlier articles by the author provided the foundation for this SABR biography:

Loyer, James M. O. “Hinkey Haines: One for the Record Book,” The Chronicle, Historical Society of the Susquehanna Conference of the United Methodist Church, 2008, https://umarch.lycoming.edu/chronicles/2008/Haines.pdf

Loyer, James M. “Hinkey Haines: Two-sport star,” Journal of York County Heritage, York County History Center, 2017.

Notes

1 Richard E. Ritz, ed, Red Lion The First One Hundred Years (Red Lion, Pennsylvania: Red Lion Centennial Book Committee, 1980), 28.

2 C. M. Ehehalt, ed, The Borough of Red Lion: Golden Jubilee (York, Pennsylvania: York Printing, 1930), 13.

3 Tom Frangicetto, “Hinkey Haines still steals the spotlight,” Accent! (Levittown, Pennsylvania), July 10, 1977, 8.

4 The Quittapahilla 1919, (Annville, Pennsylvania: Lebanon Valley College, 1919), 180.

5 La Vie 1922, Vol. 33 (State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State College, 1921), 79.

6 La Vie 1922, 414.

7 Tom Frangicetto, Paul Zachar, and Kit Crissey, “Hinkey Haines: The Giants’ First Superstar,” The Coffin Corner, 1982, 1, accessed February 10, 2025, https://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/04-02-084.pdf.

8 Joyce Fitch (Haines’ niece), written correspondence with the author, August 31, 2006.

9 “Walter Camp’s All-America Team, Collier’s, December 18, 1920, 8, accessed February 7, 2025, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015056079414&seq=978.

10 La Vie 1922, 380.

11 “All-Time Athlete Haines Retires,” (York, Pennsylvania) Gazette and Daily, January 4, 1969, 3.

12 La Vie 1923, Vol.34 (State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State College, 1922), 422.  

13 “State College Man Issues Statement,” Pittsburgh Press, May 22, 1921, 26.

14 “Hinkey Haines Resigns; Awaits Faculty Verdict,” Harrisburg (Pennsylvania) Telegraph, May 21, 1921, 15.

15  La Vie 1923, 425.

16 John Kieran, “Recruits Battling for Places with Yankees Have Much to Recommend Them for Majors,” New York Tribune, March 12, 1922, 19.

17 John Kieran, “Recruits Battling for Places with Yankees Have Much to Recommend Them for Majors.” New York Tribune, March 12, 1922: 19.

18 “Haines with Reading,” York (Pennsylvania) Dispatch, May 27, 1922, 11.

19  Sid Mercer, “Huggins Dissatisfied with Yanks Infield,” Washington (DC) Times Herald, March 8, 1923, 22.

20  “Ruth Gets First Homer of Season,” (Long Branch, New Jersey) Daily Record, March 12, 1923, 4.

21  Gordon Mackay, “With Babe Ruth in Shape, Yankees Look Like Repeaters,” Philadelphia Inquirer, March 21, 1923, 24.

22  George Herman Ruth, Babe Ruth’s Own Book of Baseball (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), 60.

23 “Henry L. ‘Hinkey’ Haines, Professional Athlete Dies,” (Ardmore, Pennsylvania) Main Line Times, January 18, 1979, 27.

24  Robert C. Stedler, “Bob’s Comment,” Buffalo Times, March 15, 1924, 6.

25  Jessica, Quality Autographs and Memorabilia of Virginia, “Item 7845,” email correspondence with the author, May 9, 2006. This company was in possession of Haines’ 1923 contract with the Yankees.

26 “How much did the average working man make in 1923 in America?” Brainly.com, accessed May 23, 2025, https://www.brainly.com/question/29687497. 

27 Ted Miller (long-time acquaintance of the Haines family), in-person interview with the author, October 11, 2006.

28  Chester L. Smith, “Tribe Can’t Refuse This Chap A Trial,” Cleveland Press, February 16, 1928, 26.

29 “McCrone’s Mites,” Harrisburg Telegraph, June 23, 1932, 12.

30 Joby Fawcett, “Scranton Miners vs. New York Yankees, Pro Baseball, Aug. 12, 1932,” Scranton (Pennsylvania) Times-Tribune, July 23, 2006, C1.

31 Barry Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, the History of Professional Football’s Most Fabulous Dynasty (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1963), 30.

32 Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, 27.

33 Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, 30.

34 “Historic Football Records of the New York Giants,” Luckyshow.org, accessed February 9, 2025, http:// www.luckyshow.org/football/NYGiants.htm.

35 Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, 46.

36 Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, 50.

37 Frangicetto, Zachar, and Crissey, “Hinkey Haines: The Giants’ First Superstar,” 2.

38 Frangicetto, Zachar, and Crissey, “Hinkey Haines: The Giants’ First Superstar,” 2.  

39 “Grange’s Yankees Lose to Giants, 14-0,” New York Times, December 5, 1927, 32.

40 “Giants Again Beat Grange’s Yankees,” New York Times, December 12, 1927, 27.

41 “Dinner Given to Haines,” New York Times, December 9, 1927, 31.

42 Michael J. Moran (owner of a program from the event), “Hinkey Haines,” email communication with the author, July 9, 2013.

43 Jonathan Eig, Luckiest Man: The Life and Death of Lou Gehrig (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005), 55.

44 Gottehrer, The Giants of New York, 63.

45 John Hogrogian, “The Staten Island Stapletons,” The Coffin Corner, 1985, 4, accessed February 10, 2025, https://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/07-06-241.pdf.

46 Hogrogian, “The Staten Island Stapletons,” 6-7.

47 Frangicetto, Zachar, and Crissey, “Hinkey Haines: The Giants First Superstar,” 3.

48 Frangicetto, Zachar, and Crissey, “Hinkey Haines: The Giants First Superstar,” 3.

49 Becky Chavarria (Haines’ niece), phone communication with the author, August 16, 2006.

50 Jim Hubley, “Fond Memories of Babe Ruth’s Visit to York,” York (Pennsylvania) Daily Record, May 18, 2006, 11A.

51 Joyce Fitch (Haines’ niece), written correspondence with the author, August 31, 2006.

52 “All-Time Athlete Haines Retires,” 3.

53 Joyce Fitch (Haines’ niece), written correspondence with the author, August 31, 2006.

54 Frangicetto, “Hinkey Haines still steals the spotlight,” 6.

55 Henry Haines Jr., in-person interview with the author, May 13, 2017.

56 Henry Haines Jr., in-person interview with the author, May 13, 2017.

57 Henry Haines Jr., in-person interview with the author, May 13, 2017.

58 Frangicetto, “Hinkey Haines still steals the spotlight,” 10.

59 Henry Haines Jr., telephone interview with the author, May 9, 2025.