Paul Hines

Paul Hines was a 19th-century all-around star who played in the big leagues from 1872 through 1891. He was a fine hitter, compiling a .302 lifetime mark with an impressive 2,133 hits in just 1,658 games. The latter two totals were third all-time at that point in big-league history, behind only Cap Anson and Jim O’Rourke. His overall OPS+ of 132 demonstrates that he was a high-caliber player.

The speedy Hines was also “known as the most colorful and sensational outfielder in the league, with an astounding ability to capture low line drives.”1 That skill was evident on May 8, 1878, when he took part in what may have been the first unassisted triple play in the majors. If it was, it numbered – along with his Triple Crown the same year – among many firsts he could claim in his long and successful career.

Paul Aloysius Hines was born on March 1, 18552 in Virginia, “about 15 miles from Washington, D. C.”3 He was the first child and only son of Michael Joseph Hines (1823-1891), a laborer and later a building contractor, and Ann Layden (1828-1896), immigrants from Ireland. Hines had two sisters, Mary (1859-1932) and the future Sister Mary Josephine (c. 1861-1936), who served for 57 years at the Georgetown Visitation Convent.4

Hines’s early baseball training is sketchy. He apparently played for the Creightons, an amateur team that played at 10th and G Street in Washington on the so-called Asylum Hill lot. The Creightons, comprised mostly of players of Irish descent, boasted three other alumni with major-league careers.5 Hines went on to play baseball for Nick Young, local baseball pioneer and future NL president, on the Washington Rosedales, a semiprofessional team in South Washington in 1870. The next year, Hines split his time between the Washington Olympics and the Junior Nationals.6 By 1872, the 17-year-old righty-hitting speedster was in the major leagues, playing in all 11 games for the Washington Nationals of the National Association (NA) before the team folded.

In 1873, the 5-foot-9, 173-pounder was reunited with Nick Young, who was managing the Association’s Washington Blue Legs. They fared somewhat better than the defunct Nationals, completing 39 games and winning eight for a seventh-place finish. Hines played in all 39 games, hitting .331 with 10 extra-base hits. For 1874, Young moved to Chicago to help bring the White Stockings back to the NA.7  He doubtless influenced the callow Hines to practice his trade there.

The move proved fortuitous for the young player’s career. Hines spent four seasons in the Windy City, two with the NA Chicago franchise, and two with the NL Chicago entrant. The 1876 Chicago White Stockings were loaded with talent: Deacon White, Cal McVey, Cap Anson, and Ross Barnes, to name a few. The team was led by pitcher Al Spalding, who won 47 games against 12 losses (and he hit .312 as well). The team won the NL’s inaugural pennant going away, at 52-14, six games better than the Hartford Dark Blues. Hines, who had appeared destined for the Philadelphia Athletics for the ’76 season,8 stayed in Chicago. He was a key contributor to this juggernaut, hitting .331 (the team average was .337) and tying for the league lead (with teammate Barnes) in doubles with 21.

However, Hines’s production fell the following year along with the team’s fortunes. He played all 60 games in the schedule but had lesser stats in every category. The most telling perhaps was his OPS+. He fell from 146 (or nearly 50% above the league average) to a pedestrian 97.

Hines moved from Chicago to Providence for 1878, the start of what would become a very productive eight seasons tending the outfield for the Grays. Providence, which had been a good semipro team since at least 1875, became fully professional in January 1878. Though the franchise toyed with joining the upstart International Association, it eventually applied for NL membership. The league approved on February 6, temporarily giving it seven teams before scandal-ridden Louisville resigned in early March.9 The Rhode Islanders finished a very creditable third (33-27-2) under manager Tom York in their first season. Hines played in all 62 scheduled league games, and he dazzled, leading the league in home runs (4), RBIs (50),10 batting average (.358),11 slugging (.486), OPS (.849), and total bases (125). He was, although he would never know it, the first Triple Crown winner in major league history.

Hines’s most memorable moment in the field came during the new National League franchise’s May 8 tilt against Boston. The Red Stockings (aka Red Caps), the class of the NL, were the visitors at the Messer Street Grounds that day. After a lackluster and error-filled 8½ innings before 3,500 spectators, Boston came to bat trailing 3–0.12 Following a leadoff walk and a wild throw by Grays second baseman Charlie Sweasy, Boston had a run in and a man, right fielder Jack Manning, on third. Third baseman Ezra Sutton reached on an error by first baseman Tim Murnane and promptly stole second. Boston second baseman Jack Burdock stood at the plate looking at Sutton on second and Manning on third with nobody out. According to the Boston Globe, “[Burdock] hit a high fly, which was a twister, but Hines ran for it, took it on the fly at the short stop’s position, putting out Burdock. Without stopping in his run Hines kept on to third, which both Manning and Sutton had passed running home on the fly, and there stopping, made a triple play with no assistance.”13

It was the first unassisted triple play in major league history . . . or was it? The New York Clipper, with a very short game account, called it a triple play but not unassisted.14 According to the Clipper, Hines caught the fly behind short; ran to third, doubling off Manning; and then threw to Sweasy to put out Sutton. Much actual and metaphorical ink has been expended discussing this play over the years. It is listed as unassisted in the SABR triple play database, but Major League Baseball does not consider it such.15

Future Hall of Famer George Wright latched on to the Grays in 1879 as manager and everyday shortstop. The team thrived under Wright’s leadership, winning the NL pennant by five games over Boston. Providence won 26 more games in the 85-game 1879 season, led by the teenage phenom pitcher John Ward, who won a league-leading 47 games against only 19 losses. It is difficult to top a Triple Crown season, yet Hines was more productive in ’79. He went 6-for-6 in a 10-inning game against the Troy Trojans in Providence on August 26. In addition, he saved the game with “a magnificent running fly catch of Dan] Brouthers’ gigantic hit to far centre-field.” With two men on, Hines likely saved three runs in the tight contest.16

A month later, he was the hero in the pennant clincher against Boston. The Grays had been ahead 6-0 in the game but allowed the Beaneaters three runs in the seventh and three more in the eighth. With two out, Wright walked and first baseman Joe Start doubled, sending Wright to third. Hines delivered the game-ending single, touching off “immense excitement.”17

He was again the top offensive player on his team and led the league in many categories, including hits (146) and total bases (197). Hines earned an “elegant gold medal offered by Mr. James W. McKay of Buffalo, N. Y.”18 for having the highest batting average (.357) among players who played in at least 70 of the 84 National League games.19

Wright was back in Boston for the 1880 season and the Grays fell back to second place. Hines, in the lineup everyday (he led the league in plate appearances), lost 50 points on his batting average. Indeed, all of his offensive numbers diminished.

He hovered around the .300 mark for the next few years, leading the league in doubles (27) in 1881. Perhaps feeling playful at the close of the season, he made a “queer calculation” before the September 30, 1881, duel against Buffalo. Hines took a blank scorecard from a reporter (likely the official scorer) and “wrote ‘one home-run,’ and then made a mark over the fifth-inning column to indicate at what stage of the contest he would score.” Hines proved to be prescient: in the fifth inning he hit a ball over the left field fence, helping Providence win 10-1.20

Hines was a great two-way player, as well as a terrific baserunner. He had some natural gifts to be sure, but he also was almost completely deaf. He played without being able to hear for most of his professional career. It is not known precisely when Hines lost his hearing. An account of Hines visiting the offices of the New York Clipper in early 1883 reports, “Hines has been for many years afflicted with total deafness.”21 There were later reports of a beaning by Jim Whitney in 1886 and much later reports of umpires creating hand signals for Hines’s benefit. Both are apocryphal.

The year 1884 became known as “Baseball’s Wildest Season.”22 It featured the advent of a third major league, the short-lived Union Association. For Providence in particular, it was the annus mirabilis. The Grays won their second NL pennant, this time by 10½ games over their regional rivals, the Beaneaters. They had winning streaks of 12, 10, and 20 games (the latter from August 7 through September 6). The Grays were led by Charles “Old Hoss” Radbourn, who put together an otherworldly pitching performance. He was 60-12 with 678.2 innings pitched. His 6023 wins were 71% of the team’s 84.

The 29-year-old Hines crafted another excellent offensive season, playing 114 games, batting .302, and leading the league in doubles (36). Again, he was the leading offensive player on this pennant-winning club. He was the only member of the team who played in every Providence game (the Grays were 84-28-2). In addition, he played nearly 1,000 innings in center field with 202 putouts (third in the NL), an .895 fielding percentage (fifth), and five double plays (also fifth). During the 20-game winning streak, Hines had 18 straight error-free games.

After this magical season, the Grays met the American Association pennant-winning New York Metropolitans in what is now considered the first World Series. The Grays won all three games in the series, all played in New York, with Radbourn pitching all 22 innings (the last two games were shortened by cold weather). Hines, batting in the leadoff spot, had just two hits in eight at-bats – but drew three walks and after being hit by a pitch,24 scored the first run in WS history. One of his two hits was the first hit in the first game, giving Hines another “first” in his personal list of baseball accomplishments.

In December 1884, the Washington Monument was completed. Some friends of Hines prevailed upon him to catch a baseball dropped from the summit, some 555 feet above the ground. He was, apparently, willing to try until the New York Clipper provided the physics behind the drop. It concluded as follows:

“The ball will not weigh much when it starts on its journey, but, great Scott, there is a rule of natural philosophy which will tell Hines before he begins just how many dozens of pounds it practically will weigh when it lands on his sconce . . . There is a possibility that Paul is not going to fool around with a baseball at the base of the Washington Monument.”25

Hines thought better of it and did not attempt the catch. Consequently, with his “sconce” intact, he was ready to play when the ’85 season began.

Hines played in the Ocean State through the 1885 season, the only player on the roster for each of Providence’s eight seasons in the NL. During this time, he batted .309 with 964 hits, 201 doubles, and 576 runs scored.26 It was the longest tenure at any club for the peripatetic Hines.

As a player, of course, Hines had little control over where he would play, only if he would play. At the end of November 1885, Arthur Soden, owner of the Boston Beaneaters, personally purchased the Providence franchise for a reported $6,600. He then took the players he wanted for Boston, Radbourn and 21-year-old catcher Con Daily, and released the rest to league control.

With a new franchise planned for the District of Columbia, it was generally supposed that Hines would land there. In early March, the league made it official. The New York Clipper reported that Soden had wanted Hines “to gratify the demand of the public for him.” The Hub magnate offered “[Grasshopper Jim] Whitney and Walter] Hackett and a good round sum . . .” but the Nationals wanted more and the deal fell through.27

While waiting to learn his baseball fate, Hines took time to get married. On February 2, 1886, he married 22-year-old Katie May Duffy at a ceremony in Washington, DC. The pair would be married for nearly 50 years.

Hines was by far the best offensive player on the lowly Nationals, who finished last in the eight-team circuit, 60 games behind pennant-winning Chicago. He led his team in almost every offensive category, batting .312 while the rest of his mates hit .196. Hines’s OPS+ of 157 was nearly twice that of the team’s runner-up. After agreeing to terms for the ’87 season, Hines reneged and held out until April 12 (the season started on April 29). Several clubs attempted to obtain the speedy outfielder, but the price was usually too high.

Typical were the negotiations with the Philadelphia Quakers. Harry Wright wanted Hines but the Nationals wanted 24-year-old pitcher Charlie Ferguson, who was 30-9 in 1886. That was a non-starter for Wright; Hines did not move.28 At least one reporter didn’t think he would fit in Philly. “Paul Hines, of Washington, is dissatisfied, and would like to come to Philadelphia, but Paul is a kicker from away back, and would not harmonize with a mild-mannered Jimmie Fogarty or the gentle Joe] Mulvey.”29

The Baltimore Sun reported that Hines’s first game of 1887 spring training was against Yale in Washington on April 12. “It is understood that the management concluded to accept Hines’s terms, as they realize that they need him for his batting qualities.”30 The ’87 Nationals were slightly better than the previous season, finishing seventh while Hines put in his typical productive year in the field and at the plate. He played nearly every day, mostly in center but spending time in the infield as well.

Hines was not happy playing in his hometown and looked to move for the 1888 season. He thought he was underappreciated when he did well and overly criticized when he didn’t deliver.31 Hines had no beef with the Nationals management; it was his many friends and acquaintances who expected him to hit a home run every time up or catch every line drive hit to the outfield. Even his wife and father gave him grief.32

Horace Fogel, who was one of three managers of the 1887 Indianapolis Hoosiers, gave Sporting Life his account of the Hines 1888 contract negotiations. Fogel claimed Hines made known his dissatisfaction with Washington as early as September 23 (the Nationals were in Indianapolis for a four-game series). Fogel obtained the permission of Nationals manager John Gaffney to speak to his player and secured a verbal agreement from Hines to play for the 1888 Hoosiers for $2,800, contingent on Indianapolis getting his release from his current employer. Indianapolis did so, but Hines demurred owing to “interference” from Pittsburgh, which offered him a reported $3,600 to play there.33

Hines, whose reputation was tarnished by the intrigue, did in the end make the trip to Indiana. Washington traded him to the Hoosiers for utility player Gid Gardner and a reported $5,000 to secure Hines’s release.34 Indianapolis had recently completed its inaugural season in the National League, mostly with players from the defunct St. Louis Maroons. The Hoosiers finished a distant eighth (in the eight-team league) and were looking for offense and perhaps a defensive upgrade for 1888. Hines did provide a boost at the plate: his .281/.343/.366 slash line was good enough for a 125 OPS+, best on the team. He was still durable and fast, playing in 133 of the team’s 136 games, including 125 in center field. He stole 31 bases. As a 33-year-old, he had personal bests in innings played in the outfield (1,082), chances (294), and putouts (255).

Hines became the everyday first baseman for the 1889 Hoosiers, playing 109 games at first. He had better than average range, but his 43 errors led all National League first sackers. Hines did, though, have a good year at the plate, batting .305 (148-for-486) with 49 walks and 34 extra-base hits.

An anecdote about that season showed a different side of Hines. Sporting News reporter Guy M. Smith, reminiscing 44 years later, recounted how a very wild Amos Rusie, local phenom with hundreds of his friends in the stands, was nearly yanked from a game against Boston. Rusie, who made his major-league debut earlier in the season, pleaded with captain Jack Glasscock to stay in the game. Hines interceded with Glasscock on Rusie’s behalf, won the day, and walked Rusie back to the box with his arm around the teenager’s shoulder. After this, Rusie regained his control and won the game. Smith, who claimed to have witnessed the act, said, “it was the finest example of graciousness he has ever seen upon the diamond. It was this virtue in Hines which always drew the affection of his fellow players.”35

The advent, in 1890, of the Players League, caused much consternation and machinations in the NL and American Association (AA) business meetings between the ’89 and ’90 seasons. In late March 1890, the NL, having added the AA’s Brooklyn and Cincinnati franchises, subtracted Washington and Indianapolis. New York Giants owner John B. Day purchased the contracts of the Hoosiers’ best players, “the rest to be dispersed, with Pittsburgh having first choice of the leftovers.”36

The Alleghenys, hoping to improve on a fifth-place finish, obtained Hines’s contract. Improvement was not to be, however. The 1890 Alleghenys were one of the all-time worst major-league teams, winning just 17% of their games. Hines lasted only 31 games in Pittsburgh, splitting his time between first and the outfield. He hit an anemic .182 and was released in June. He signed with Boston later in the month, playing 69 games for the second division Beaneaters.

Hines was back in DC for 1891, his last year in the majors. By then, he had been married for five years and had been a father since December 1889. Time away from the family, then as now, was difficult. He signed with the Washington Statesmen in the American Association, the 10-year- old league’s last year. The Statesmen had a good deal of turnover in their roster with 38 different players having at least one at-bat or game played. Hines, who played in only 54 of the team’s 136 games, played more games in center, 47, than any other Washington player. He played his last major-league game on July 3, 1891, in Washington. He started in center against Cincinnati and had a triple, but, according to the Boston Globe, “his stupid baserunning” prevented the Statesmen from winning (the game was suspended as a 2-2 tie after 13 innings).37

Yet Hines was not quite done with baseball. Having spent more than half of his life playing baseball at the highest level, it must have been difficult to let that go. Plus, with a wife and two-year-old Paul Aloysius Hines, Jr. to support, the game still may have offered his highest earning potential. After being away from the game in 1892,38 he played a few games for the Nashville Tigers (Southern Association, Class B) and the Sandusky Sandies (Ohio-Michigan League, independent) in 1893. He was hired to manage in Burlington, Iowa for 1895 and 1896. He put himself in the Colts lineup a few times each season.

After ’96, however, his baseball career, as all of them must, came to an end. Commenting on Hines’s release from Burlington, the Cedar Rapids Gazette offered, “Paul Hines has always been an honor to his chosen profession, and the announcement of his retirement is received with regret by thousands of people in many parts of the country.”39 Hines’s mother passed away in 1896 as well. With her decease came the real property Hines’s father had designated for him.40 As early as 1891, newspapers were commenting on Hines’s wealth, estimating it at $40,000 in 1891 (perhaps $1.4 million in 2023 dollars) and as much as $200,000 in 1894.41 Whether this was idle gossip or rumor is impossible to say.

After baseball, Hines returned to Washington, DC, where he worked for many years as a clerk in the Department of Agriculture, eventually rising to postmaster. In 1897, astoundingly, Hines helped prevent a murder. Howe Totten, a lawyer working in the building where Hines was employed, came under attack by the husband of Totten’s former love interest. With Totten shouting for help and others rushing to the locked office, Hines helped smash the door open, clubbed the assailant, and knocked the gun away. Of his heroics, Hines remarked, “There’s nothing in it for me at all. I simply did what any man of sense would have done.”42

Hines’s life became sad and unfortunate as he aged. On November 14, 1922, the 67-year-old was arrested in Washington, DC for pickpocketing. According to the news account, he had “been under surveillance for some time.” Apparently, the police engineered a situation where Hines would attempt a theft. He was taken into custody for lifting “[Detective James] Springman’s pocketbook from the pocket of [Policewoman Irene] Hubbs’ overcoat at 9th street and New York avenue.” A search of Hines’ place at 233 Rhode Island Avenue uncovered “a number of purses and pocketbooks . . . as well as twenty-five pairs of eyeglasses and spectacles.” Hines’s fame as a baseball player was well-known to the police, where he had “many firm friends.” The chief of detectives, Clifford L. Grant, “was inclined to regard the alleged activities of the man as a kleptomania attendant upon advancing years.”43

In 1926, Paul Hines, deaf and nearly blind, entered the Sacred Heart Home in Hyattsville, Maryland. He died there on July 10, 1935. He is interred in his family plot in Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Washington, DC. Survivors included his son Paul, his daughter-in-law Anita, granddaughter Mary, his sister Sister Mary Josephine, and several nieces and nephews. Katie May Hines, his wife of 49 years, had died on March 30.

Acknowledgments

This biography was reviewed by Bill Lamb and Rory Costello and fact-checked by Paul Proia.

Photo credit: Paul Hines, National Baseball Hall of Fame Library.

Sources 

In addition to the sources shown in the notes, the author used Baseball-Reference.com, retrosheet.org, and the following:

The Baseball Bloggess, “Paul Hines, Baseball Player: The Unblurrification,” https://thebaseballbloggess.com/2019/10/18/paul-hines-baseball-unassisted-triple-play/

The Baseball Bloggess, “Paul Hines: A Little More to Unspool,” https://thebaseballbloggess.com/2019/10/19/paul-hines-a-little-more-to-unspool/

John Thorn, “Paul Hines and the Unassisted Triple Play,” https://ourgame.mlblogs.com/paul-hines-and-the-unassisted-triple-play-220f56473f1a

Eric Miklich, “Paul Hines,” http://www.19cbaseball.com/players-paul-hines.html

Notes

1 Guy M. Smith, “Passing of Hines Finds Few Players of His Period Among the Survivors,” The Sporting News, July 25, 1935: 3.

2 The Baseball Encyclopedia (Rick Wolff et al., eds., 9th edition, Macmillan, 1993, 1023) has 1852 as his birth year but numerous genealogical records and newspaper accounts during his playing career make the case for 1855.

3 “Base-Ball,” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 25, 1877: 2.

4 “Sister Mary Josephine Fifty Years in Service,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), May 22, 1929, 17. “Long Illness Fatal to Georgetown Nun,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), April 2, 1936: 2.

5 “Base Ball Pioneers,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), August 14, 1927: section 5, 76.

6 Mike Mulhern, “Did Baseball’s First Triple Crown Winner Also Make the Sport’s First Unassisted Triple Play,” [National Baseball Hall of Fame clippings file], no date or page number.

7 William J. Ryczek, “Nine Men are Quite Enough,” in Baseball’s 19th Century “Winter” Meetings: 1857–1900, ed. Jeremy K. Hodges and Bill Nowlin (Phoenix: Society for American Baseball Research, 2018): part 1, section 3, 121. Chicago did not field a team in 1872 and 1873, in large part due to the “Great Chicago Fire” of October 1871.

8 “Chicago vs. Mutual,” New York Clipper, October 30, 1875: 245.

9 Dennis Pajot, “Scandals, New Rules, and Franchise Changes: The 1877 National League Winter Meetings,” in Baseball’s 19th Century “Winter” Meetings: 1857–1900, ed. Jeremy K. Hodges and Bill Nowlin (Phoenix: Society for American Baseball Research, 2018): part 2, 150.

10 RBI was not an official statistic until 1920.

11 Due to a bookkeeping error, the 1878 batting champion was thought to be Abner Dalrymple who hit .354 for the Milwaukee Grays. Subsequent research, however, showed Hines to be the actual champ.

12 Whether a team batted first or last was decided by a coin flip, with the winner choosing to bat first or take the field first.

13 “Ball Games,” Boston Globe, May 9, 1878: 1.

14 “Boston vs. Providence,” New York Clipper, May 18, 1878: 59.

15 For a detailed analysis of the play, the controversy, and the relevant rules see Richard Hershberger’s cogent article, “Revisiting the Hines Triple Play” in the Spring 2016 SABR Baseball Research Journal.

16 “Sporting Events,” Chicago Tribune, August 27, 1879: 5.

17 “Diamond and Track,” Boston Globe, September 27, 1879: 2.

18 “Paul A. Hines, Centre-Fielder,” New York Clipper, December 6, 1879, 293. The McKay Medal was stolen from the house of Michael Hines, Paul Hines’s father, on the morning of June 28, 1887. “Hines’ Base Ball Medal Stolen,” Boston Globe, June 29, 1887: 1.

19 “The McKay Medal,” New York Clipper, November 22, 1879: 274.

20 “Baseball,” New York Clipper, January 28, 1882, 735. “The Final Victories: Providences, 10; Buffaloes, 1,” Boston Globe, October 1, 1881: 4.

21 “Base-Ball,” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 25, 1883: 16.

22 William J. Ryczek, Baseball’s Wildest Season: Three Leagues, Thirty-Four Teams and the Chaos of 1884 Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2023], passim.

23 Radbourn was given credit for 59 wins at the time.

24 The games were played according to AA rules and Hines was allowed first base.

25 “Paul Hines,” New York Clipper, January 10, 1885:683.

26 Frederick Ivor-Campbell, “Paul Hines,” in Nineteenth Century Stars, Robert L. Tiemann and Mark Rucker, eds. [Phoenix: The Society for American Baseball Research, 2012]: 163–164.

27 “From the Hub,” New York Clipper, March 13, 1886: 827.

28 “Around the Bases,” Chicago Tribune, April 24, 1887, 31. Ferguson was 22-10 for the ’87 Quakers but then tragically died at the start of the 1888 season.

29 “Philadelphia Seeking Strong Men,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, April 16, 1887: 2.

30 “Base-Ball,” Baltimore Sun, April 13, 1887: 5.

31 “The Hines Matter,” n.p., December 14, 1887 (Hall of Fame clippings file).

32 “Hines a Hoosier,” Sporting Life, November 9, 1887: 1.

33 “A New Base-Ball Scheme,” Indianapolis Journal, December 11, 1887: 12. The article quotes Fogel’s account printed in The Sporting Life.

34 “Hines a Hoosier,” Sporting Life: 1.

35 Smith, “Passing of Hines,” The Sporting News: 3.

36 John Bauer, “The Establishment Responds: Winter Meetings 1889–90 (NL/AA),” in Baseball’s 19th Century “Winter” Meetings: 1857–1900, ed. Jeremy K. Hodges and Bill Nowlin (Phoenix: Society for American Baseball Research, 2018): part 2, 274.

37 “War of Pitchers,” Boston Globe, July 4, 1891: 5.

38 Hines’s father died in 1891 and Paul may have been getting the elder Hines’s business affairs in order.

39 “Paul Hines Retired,” Cedar Rapids (IA) Gazette, May 26, 1896: 3.

40 “Michael J. Hines,” Probate Records (District of Columbia), 1801-1930; Author: District of Columbia. Register of Wills; Probate Place: District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., images 608–610.

41 “The National Game,” Times Leader (Wilkes-Barre, PA), August 3, 1891: 5. “Baseball Briefs,” Fall River (Massachusetts) Globe, March 24, 1894: 6.

42 “Saved by an Ex-Ball Player,” Buffalo (NY) Courier, May 26, 1897: 2.

43 “Veteran Ball Player Held as Pickpocket,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), November 15, 1922: 18.